Mannitol

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Mannitol
Names
IUPAC name
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Other names
D-Mannitol
Manna sugar
Mannite
Osmitrol
Properties
C6H14O6
Molar mass 182.172 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.52 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1]
Melting point 167–170 °C (333–338 °F; 440–443 K)
Boiling point Decomposes
18.2 g/100 ml (20 °C)
21.6 g/100 ml (25 °C)
Solubility Soluble in aniline, pyridine
Insoluble in ethers
Solubility in ammonia 172 g/100 g (0 °C)
182 g/100 g (20 °C)
201 g/100 g (30 °C)[2]
Solubility in ethanol 0.003 g/100 ml (0 °C)
0.010 g/100 ml (15 °C)
0.030 g/100 ml (25 °C)
0.075 g/100 ml (35 °C)
0.28 g/100 ml (50 °C)
0.81 g/100 ml (60 °C)[3]
Solubility in glycerol 5.5 g/100 ml
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
13,500 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Galactitol
Iditol
Sorbitol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in diabetic food, as well as medication for lowering blood pressure.

Properties

Chemical

Mannitol can be nitrated to mannitol hexanitrate using a nitrating mixture, in a process similar to that for ETN.

Physical

Mannitol is a colorless crystalline solid, which dissolves in water. Like all sugar alcohols, it is insoluble in hydrocarbons.

Availability

Mannitol is sold in many food stores and pharmacies.

It can also be bought online in large amounts.

Preparation

Mannitol is much cheaper to purchase than synthesize, or extract it from plants.

Projects

  • Sugar substitute
  • Medication for lowering blood pressure
  • Make mannitol hexanitrate

Handling

Safety

Mannitol has low toxicity. It is commonly used as sugar substitute, as well as medication for lowering blood pressure, used to decrease high pressures in the eyes for glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.

Storage

Mannitol should be stored in closed plastic or glass bottles. No special storage is required.

Disposal

No special disposal is required. Discard it as you wish.

References

  1. Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 979
  2. Shimo; Tada; Sci.Rep.Res.Inst.Tohoku Univ.<A>; vol. 7; (1955); p. 235,236
  3. Creighton; Klauder; J.Franklin Inst.; vol. 195; p. 689; Chem. Zentralbl.; vol. 99; nb. I; (1928); p. 610

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