https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&feed=atom&action=history
Anthraquinone - Revision history
2024-03-28T08:44:33Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.25.1
https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=15494&oldid=prev
Mabus at 22:31, 27 December 2023
2023-12-27T22:31:41Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:31, 27 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=66047 Alizarin synthesis]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=66047 Alizarin synthesis]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=160017 Synthesis of 9,9‘-bianthracene from anthraquinone]</ins></div></td></tr>
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Mabus
https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=11659&oldid=prev
Mabus at 20:58, 29 June 2019
2019-06-29T20:58:13Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:58, 29 June 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Make synthetic dyes</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Make synthetic dyes</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Digester additive in papermaking</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Digester additive in papermaking</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bird <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">repellant</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bird <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">repellent</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Handling==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Handling==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Storage===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Storage===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anthraquinone should be kept in closed bottles.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anthraquinone should be kept in closed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">plastic of glass </ins>bottles.</div></td></tr>
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Mabus
https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=11519&oldid=prev
Mabus at 19:21, 19 June 2019
2019-06-19T19:21:41Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:21, 19 June 2019</td>
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Mabus
https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=10221&oldid=prev
Mabus at 20:57, 13 December 2018
2018-12-13T20:57:16Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:57, 13 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Disposal===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Disposal===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Can be mixed with more flammable solvent and burned.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Can be mixed with more flammable solvent and burned<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Oxidizing mixtures can also be used</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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Mabus
https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=6524&oldid=prev
Mabus at 16:57, 6 April 2017
2017-04-06T16:57:03Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:57, 6 April 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L129" >Line 129:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are several routes for anthraquinone.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are several routes for anthraquinone.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One involves the oxidation of anthracene, with Cr(VI).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One involves the oxidation of anthracene, with Cr(VI)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Anthraquinone is extracted from the reaction mass and purified</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A more convenient route is the Friedel-Crafts reaction of [[benzene]] and [[phthalic anhydride]] in presence of [[Aluminium chloride|AlCl<sub>3</sub>]]. The reaction gives o-benzoylbenzoic acid, which undergoes cyclization, forming anthraquinone.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A more convenient route is the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Friedel-Crafts reaction<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>of [[benzene]] and [[phthalic anhydride]] in presence of [[Aluminium chloride|AlCl<sub>3</sub>]]. The reaction gives o-benzoylbenzoic acid, which undergoes cyclization, forming anthraquinone.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Projects==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Projects==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L146" >Line 146:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 146:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Storage===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Storage===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In </del>closed bottles.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anthraquinone should be kept in </ins>closed bottles.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Disposal===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Disposal===</div></td></tr>
</table>
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https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Anthraquinone&diff=5404&oldid=prev
Mabus: Created page with "{{Chembox | Name = Anthraquinone | Reference = | IUPACName = Anthraquinone | PIN = | SystematicName = | OtherNames = 9,10-Anthracenedione<br>9,10-Anthrachinon<br>9,10-Dihydro-..."
2016-08-23T19:21:41Z
<p>Created page with "{{Chembox | Name = Anthraquinone | Reference = | IUPACName = Anthraquinone | PIN = | SystematicName = | OtherNames = 9,10-Anthracenedione<br>9,10-Anthrachinon<br>9,10-Dihydro-..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Chembox<br />
| Name = Anthraquinone<br />
| Reference =<br />
| IUPACName = Anthraquinone<br />
| PIN =<br />
| SystematicName =<br />
| OtherNames = 9,10-Anthracenedione<br>9,10-Anthrachinon<br>9,10-Dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene<br>Anthracene-9,10-quinone<br>Anthradione<br>Corbit<br>Hoelite<br>Morkit<br>9,10-AQ<br />
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers<br />
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties<br />
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = <br />
| Appearance = Yellow solid<br />
| BoilingPt = <br />
| BoilingPtC = 379.8<br />
| BoilingPt_ref = <br />
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| Density = 1.438 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (at 20 °C)<br />
| Formula = C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub><br />
| HenryConstant = <br />
| LogP = 3.39<br />
| MolarMass = 208.22 g/mol<br />
| MeltingPt = <br />
| MeltingPtC = 286<br />
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| Odor = Aromatic-like odor<br />
| pKa = <br />
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| Solubility = Insoluble<br />
| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[acetone]], conc. [[sulfuric acid]]<br>Poorly soluble in [[benzene]], [[chloroform]], [[diethyl ether]], [[ethanol]], [[toluene]]<br />
| Solvent = <br />
| VaporPressure = 1.16·10<sup>-7</sup> mmHg at 25 °C<br />
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'''Anthraquinone''' or '''dioxoanthracene''', is an aromatic organic compound with formula '''C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>'''. The name ''anthraquinone'' refers almost invariable to the '''9,10-anthraquinone''' isomer.<br />
<br />
It can be found in nature as the rare mineral ''Hoelite''.<br />
<br />
==Properties==<br />
===Chemical===<br />
9,10-Anthraquinone can be hydrogenated in the presence of a [[palladium]] catalyst to 9,10-anthrahydroquinone. This in turn is oxidized with oxygen back to anthraquinone, generating [[hydrogen peroxide]]. This is the basis for the anthraquinone process. 2-Ethylanthraquinone is however preferred in the said process instead of anthraquinone, as it has better selectivity.<br />
<br />
It resists the attack of many acids and bases.<br />
<br />
===Physical===<br />
Anthraquinone is a yellow solid, insoluble in water. It has an odor described as aromatic/technical-like. It is soluble in [[acetone]], concentrated [[sulfuric acid]], and sparingly soluble in cold [[ethanol]], but slightly more soluble when hot. It is also poorly soluble in other organic solvents like [[benzene]], [[chloroform]], [[diethyl ether]], [[toluene]].<br />
<br />
==Availability==<br />
9,10-Anthraquinone can be purchased online from chemical suppliers.<br />
<br />
It can also be purchased as the rare mineral Hoelite.<br />
<br />
==Preparation==<br />
There are several routes for anthraquinone.<br />
<br />
One involves the oxidation of anthracene, with Cr(VI).<br />
<br />
A more convenient route is the Friedel-Crafts reaction of [[benzene]] and [[phthalic anhydride]] in presence of [[Aluminium chloride|AlCl<sub>3</sub>]]. The reaction gives o-benzoylbenzoic acid, which undergoes cyclization, forming anthraquinone.<br />
<br />
==Projects==<br />
*Anthraquinone process<br />
*Make anthracene<br />
*Benzanthrone synthesis<br />
*Make synthetic dyes<br />
*Digester additive in papermaking<br />
*Bird repellant<br />
<br />
==Handling==<br />
===Safety===<br />
Anthraquinone is irritant and protection should be worn when handling the compound. Prolonged exposure may lead to melanosis coli.<br />
<br />
===Storage===<br />
In closed bottles.<br />
<br />
===Disposal===<br />
Can be mixed with more flammable solvent and burned.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
===Sciencemadness Library===<br />
*[http://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/fundamental_processes_of_dye_chemistry.pdf FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF DYE CHEMISTRY]<br />
*[http://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/Experiments_in_Organic_Chemistry_by_Fieser_2nd_ed_1941.pdf Experiments in Organic Chemistry 2nd edition]<br />
<br />
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===<br />
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=66047 Alizarin synthesis]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]<br />
[[Category:Organic compounds]]<br />
[[Category:Quinones]]<br />
[[Category:Minerals]]</div>
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