Difference between revisions of "Ascorbic acid"

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[[File:L-Ascorbic_acid.svg|thumb|The structure of ascorbic acid.]]
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{{Chembox
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'''Ascorbic acid '''is a naturally-occurring organic compound more routinely known as vitamin C. It is found naturally in many fruits and is a well-known antioxidant. It can be easily purchased in tablet or powder form in groceries or pharmacies. In the field of chemistry, it is used as a [[reducing agent]], such as in the precipitation of elemental [[copper]] from a solution of copper(II) ions, as well as a means of introducing the [[ascorbate|ascorbate ion]].
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| Name = Ascorbic acid
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = Ascoltin<br>Ascorbate<br>Ascorbic acid<br>L-ascorbic acid<br>Vitamin C
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| ImageFile1 = Ascorbic acid bottle and sample.jpg
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| ImageSize1 = 300
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| ImageAlt1 =
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| ImageName1 =
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| ImageCaption1 = L(+) ascorbic acid sample and original bottle
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| ImageFile2 = L-Ascorbic acid structure.png
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| ImageSize2 = 280
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| ImageAlt2 =
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| ImageName2 =
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| ImageCaption2 = The structure of ascorbic acid.
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| 3DMet =
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| Abbreviations =
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| SMILES =
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = White solid
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| BoilingPt =
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| BoilingPtC = 192
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| BoilingPt_ref =
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| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)
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| Density = 1.694 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
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| Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>6</sub>
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| HenryConstant =
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| LogP =
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| MolarMass = 176.12 g/mol
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| MeltingPt =
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| MeltingPtC = 190
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| MeltingPt_ref =
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| MeltingPt_notes =
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| Odor = Odorless
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| pKa =
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| pKb =
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| Solubility = 30 g/100 ml (at 20 °C)<br>40 g/100 ml (at 40 °C)
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| SolubleOther = Slightly soluble in [[alcohol]]s<br>Insoluble in [[benzene]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[diethyl ether]], [[petroleum ether]], [[toluene]], [[xylene]], oils, lipids
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| Solubility1 = 3.3 g/100 ml
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| Solvent1 = ethanol
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| Solubility2 = 2 g/100 ml
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| Solvent2 = ethanol 95 %
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| Solubility3 = 1 g/100 ml
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| Solvent3 = glycerol
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| Solubility4 = 5 g/100 ml
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| Solvent4 = propylene glycol
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| VaporPressure = 9.28·10<sup>-11</sup> mmHg (25 °C)
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  }}
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| Coordination =
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| CrystalStruct =
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| MolShape =
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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| DeltaGf =
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| DeltaHc =
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| DeltaHf =
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| Entropy =
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| HeatCapacity =
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| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
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| ShockSens =
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| FrictionSens =
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| DetonationV =
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| REFactor =
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| AutoignitionPt = 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K)
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| ExploLimits =
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| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/9wODaQI/l-ascorbic-acid-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich]
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| FlashPt =
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| LD50 = 11,900 mg/kg (rat, oral)
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| LC50 =
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| MainHazards =
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| NFPA-F =
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| NFPA-R =
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
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| OtherAnions =
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}}
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'''Ascorbic acid '''is a naturally-occurring organic compound more routinely known as '''vitamin C'''. It is found naturally in many fruits and is a well-known antioxidant. It can be easily purchased in tablet or powder form in groceries or pharmacies. In the field of chemistry, it is used as a [[reducer|reducing agent]], such as in the precipitation of elemental [[copper]] from a solution of copper(II) ions, as well as a means of introducing the [[ascorbate|ascorbate ion]].
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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==Availability==
 
==Availability==
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Ascorbic acid is sold in pharmacies.
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Ascorbic acid is sold in pharmacies an most food stores. It is also sometimes sold in the winemaking sections of stores.
  
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==Preparation==
+
==Preparation and isolation==
−
Ascorbic acid can be extracted from fruits.
+
Ascorbic acid is much cheaper to be extracted from fruits than synthesized from precursors. However you will need large amounts of fruits to get useful amounts of ascorbic acid. Extraction from vitamin C supplements is easier, especially since vitamin C is very cheap.  
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
 
*Reduce various metals compounds to their respective metals
 
*Reduce various metals compounds to their respective metals
 +
*Destroy Cr(VI) ions
 +
*Vitamin C (food-grade only!)
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
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===Storage===
 
===Storage===
−
In closed bottles.
+
Ascorbic acid should be kept in closed bottles.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
−
Ascorbic acid can be safely poured down the drain, dumped in soil or burned.
+
Ascorbic acid can be safely poured down the drain, dumped in trash, soil or just burned, as it is practically non-toxic.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=64349 Vitamin C]
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=64010 Ascorbic acid complexes]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=3871 Extracting Vitamin C From The Juice Of Orange Or Lemon]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
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[[Category:Furones]]
 
[[Category:Furones]]
 
[[Category:Reducing agents]]
 
[[Category:Reducing agents]]
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[[Category:Readily available chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Materials available as food grade]]
 
[[Category:Materials available as food grade]]
 
[[Category:Edible chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Edible chemicals]]
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[[Category:Essential reagents]]

Revision as of 09:23, 16 June 2019

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Ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid bottle and sample.jpg
L(+) ascorbic acid sample and original bottle
L-Ascorbic acid structure.png
The structure of ascorbic acid.
Names
IUPAC name
(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one
Other names
Ascoltin
Ascorbate
Ascorbic acid
L-ascorbic acid
Vitamin C
Properties
C6H8O6
Molar mass 176.12 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.694 g/cm3
Melting point 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K)
Boiling point 192 °C (378 °F; 465 K) (decomposes)
30 g/100 ml (at 20 °C)
40 g/100 ml (at 40 °C)
Solubility Slightly soluble in alcohols
Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, toluene, xylene, oils, lipids
Solubility in ethanol 3.3 g/100 ml
Solubility in ethanol 95 % 2 g/100 ml
Solubility in glycerol 1 g/100 ml
Solubility in propylene glycol 5 g/100 ml
Vapor pressure 9.28·10-11 mmHg (25 °C)
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
11,900 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Ascorbic acid is a naturally-occurring organic compound more routinely known as vitamin C. It is found naturally in many fruits and is a well-known antioxidant. It can be easily purchased in tablet or powder form in groceries or pharmacies. In the field of chemistry, it is used as a reducing agent, such as in the precipitation of elemental copper from a solution of copper(II) ions, as well as a means of introducing the ascorbate ion.

Properties

Chemical

Ascorbic acid can be used to reduce silver nitrate to metallic silver.

Physical

Ascorbic acid is a white to light yellow solid, soluble in water, with a sour taste. It is soluble in water, less so in alcohols, glycerol, propylene glycol, and insoluble in benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, as well as fats and oils.

Availability

Ascorbic acid is sold in pharmacies an most food stores. It is also sometimes sold in the winemaking sections of stores.

Preparation and isolation

Ascorbic acid is much cheaper to be extracted from fruits than synthesized from precursors. However you will need large amounts of fruits to get useful amounts of ascorbic acid. Extraction from vitamin C supplements is easier, especially since vitamin C is very cheap.

Projects

  • Reduce various metals compounds to their respective metals
  • Destroy Cr(VI) ions
  • Vitamin C (food-grade only!)

Handling

Safety

Ascorbic acid is vital to the organism. Lack of ascorbic acid leads to scurvy.

Storage

Ascorbic acid should be kept in closed bottles.

Disposal

Ascorbic acid can be safely poured down the drain, dumped in trash, soil or just burned, as it is practically non-toxic.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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