Difference between revisions of "Flame test"
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| − | + | A '''flame test''' is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements. | |
| − | A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements. | + | |
==Procedure== | ==Procedure== | ||
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation). | A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation). | ||
| + | ==Flame colors== | ||
| + | ===Azure=== | ||
| + | *Copper halides (copper(II) chloride) | ||
| + | *[[Bismuth]] | ||
| + | ===Bluish-green=== | ||
| + | *Phosphates with [[sulfuric acid]] | ||
| + | *[[Phosphorus]] | ||
| + | *[[Zinc]] metal | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Brick red=== | ||
| + | *[[Cadmium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Carmine=== | ||
| + | *[[Lithium]] (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Crimson red=== | ||
| + | *Radium | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Emerald=== | ===Emerald=== | ||
| − | Copper non-halides | + | *Copper non-halides |
| + | *[[Ytterbium]] metal powder | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Feeble green=== | ===Feeble green=== | ||
| − | Antimony | + | *Ammonium |
| − | === | + | *[[Antimony]] |
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Gray=== | ||
| + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMNsnZ5jSmc Nitromethane] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Light blue=== | ||
| + | *[[Arsenic]] | ||
| + | *[[Caesium]] | ||
| + | *[[Lead]] | ||
| + | *[[Selenium]] | ||
| + | |||
===Orange=== | ===Orange=== | ||
| − | Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) | + | *[[Calcium]] (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) |
| − | === | + | *[[Scandium]] |
| − | + | ||
| − | === | + | ===Pale blue=== |
| − | + | *[[Germanium]] | |
| + | |||
| + | ===Pale green=== | ||
| + | *Antimony | ||
| + | |||
===Pink=== | ===Pink=== | ||
| − | Samarium metal | + | *[[Samarium]] metal |
| + | |||
| + | ===Pure green=== | ||
| + | *[[Boron]] | ||
| + | *[[Tellurium]] | ||
| + | *[[Thallium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Purple=== | ||
| + | *[[Potassium chloride]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Red=== | ||
| + | *[[Mercury]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Red-violet=== | ||
| + | *[[Rubidium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Scarlet=== | ||
| + | *Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Silvery-white=== | ||
| + | *[[Aluminium]] | ||
| + | *[[Chromium]] | ||
| + | *[[Cobalt]] | ||
| + | *[[Nickel]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Violet=== | ||
| + | *Potassium (masked easily) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===White=== | ||
| + | *[[Beryllium]] | ||
| + | *[[Magnesium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Yellow=== | ||
| + | *[[Sodium]] (masks everything, invisible through blue glass) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Yellowish-green=== | ||
| + | *[[Barium]] | ||
| + | *[[Manganese]] | ||
| + | *[[Molybdenum]] | ||
| + | *[[Vanadium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Spectroscopy == | ||
| + | |||
| + | A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=19912 Lithium Flame tests] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=14020 Interesting Spectation] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Analytical techniques]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:29, 2 December 2018
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A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.
Contents
- 1 Procedure
- 2 Flame colors
- 2.1 Azure
- 2.2 Bluish-green
- 2.3 Brick red
- 2.4 Carmine
- 2.5 Crimson red
- 2.6 Emerald
- 2.7 Feeble green
- 2.8 Gray
- 2.9 Light blue
- 2.10 Orange
- 2.11 Pale blue
- 2.12 Pale green
- 2.13 Pink
- 2.14 Pure green
- 2.15 Purple
- 2.16 Red
- 2.17 Red-violet
- 2.18 Scarlet
- 2.19 Silvery-white
- 2.20 Violet
- 2.21 White
- 2.22 Yellow
- 2.23 Yellowish-green
- 3 Spectroscopy
- 4 References
Procedure
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).
Flame colors
Azure
- Copper halides (copper(II) chloride)
- Bismuth
Bluish-green
- Phosphates with sulfuric acid
- Phosphorus
- Zinc metal
Brick red
Carmine
- Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)
Crimson red
- Radium
Emerald
- Copper non-halides
- Ytterbium metal powder
Feeble green
- Ammonium
- Antimony
Gray
Light blue
Orange
Pale blue
Pale green
- Antimony
Pink
- Samarium metal
Pure green
Purple
Red
Red-violet
Scarlet
- Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)
Silvery-white
Violet
- Potassium (masked easily)
White
Yellow
- Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)
Yellowish-green
Spectroscopy
A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.
