Difference between revisions of "Flame test"
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(→Flame colors: Sorted colors in alphabetical order, to make them easier to find) |
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==Flame colors== | ==Flame colors== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Azure=== | ===Azure=== | ||
| − | Copper halides | + | *Copper halides (copper(II) chloride) |
| − | + | *Bismuth | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Bluish-green=== | ===Bluish-green=== | ||
| − | Phosphates with sulfuric acid | + | *Phosphates with sulfuric acid |
| − | === | + | *Phosphorus |
| − | + | *Zinc metal | |
| + | |||
| + | ===Brick red=== | ||
| + | *Cadmium | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Carmine=== | ||
| + | *Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Crimson red=== | ||
| + | *Radium | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Emerald=== | ||
| + | *Copper non-halides | ||
| + | *Ytterbium metal powder | ||
| + | |||
===Feeble green=== | ===Feeble green=== | ||
| − | Antimony | + | *Ammonium |
| − | === | + | *Antimony |
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Gray=== | ||
| + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMNsnZ5jSmc Nitromethane] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Light blue=== | ||
| + | *Arsenic | ||
| + | *Cesium | ||
| + | *Lead | ||
| + | *Selenium | ||
| + | |||
===Orange=== | ===Orange=== | ||
| − | Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) | + | *Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) |
| − | === | + | *Scandium |
| − | + | ||
| − | === | + | ===Pale blue=== |
| − | + | *Germanium | |
| + | |||
| + | ===Pale green=== | ||
| + | *Antimony | ||
| + | |||
===Pink=== | ===Pink=== | ||
| − | Samarium metal | + | *Samarium metal |
| + | |||
| + | ===Pure green=== | ||
| + | *Boron | ||
| + | *Tellurium | ||
| + | *Thallium | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Purple=== | ||
| + | *Potassium chloride | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Red=== | ||
| + | *Mercury | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Red-violet=== | ||
| + | *Rubidium | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Scarlet=== | ||
| + | *Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Silvery-white=== | ||
| + | *Aluminium | ||
| + | *Chromium | ||
| + | *Cobalt | ||
| + | *Nickel | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Violet=== | ||
| + | *Potassium (masked easily) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===White=== | ||
| + | *Beryllium | ||
| + | *Magnesium | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Yellow=== | ||
| + | *Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Yellowish-green=== | ||
| + | *Barium | ||
| + | *Manganese | ||
| + | *Molybdenum | ||
| + | *Vanadium | ||
== Spectroscopy == | == Spectroscopy == | ||
Revision as of 16:22, 15 April 2016
A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.
Contents
- 1 Procedure
- 2 Flame colors
- 2.1 Azure
- 2.2 Bluish-green
- 2.3 Brick red
- 2.4 Carmine
- 2.5 Crimson red
- 2.6 Emerald
- 2.7 Feeble green
- 2.8 Gray
- 2.9 Light blue
- 2.10 Orange
- 2.11 Pale blue
- 2.12 Pale green
- 2.13 Pink
- 2.14 Pure green
- 2.15 Purple
- 2.16 Red
- 2.17 Red-violet
- 2.18 Scarlet
- 2.19 Silvery-white
- 2.20 Violet
- 2.21 White
- 2.22 Yellow
- 2.23 Yellowish-green
- 3 Spectroscopy
Procedure
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).
Flame colors
Azure
- Copper halides (copper(II) chloride)
- Bismuth
Bluish-green
- Phosphates with sulfuric acid
- Phosphorus
- Zinc metal
Brick red
- Cadmium
Carmine
- Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)
Crimson red
- Radium
Emerald
- Copper non-halides
- Ytterbium metal powder
Feeble green
- Ammonium
- Antimony
Gray
Light blue
- Arsenic
- Cesium
- Lead
- Selenium
Orange
- Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium)
- Scandium
Pale blue
- Germanium
Pale green
- Antimony
Pink
- Samarium metal
Pure green
- Boron
- Tellurium
- Thallium
Purple
- Potassium chloride
Red
- Mercury
Red-violet
- Rubidium
Scarlet
- Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)
Silvery-white
- Aluminium
- Chromium
- Cobalt
- Nickel
Violet
- Potassium (masked easily)
White
- Beryllium
- Magnesium
Yellow
- Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)
Yellowish-green
- Barium
- Manganese
- Molybdenum
- Vanadium
Spectroscopy
A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.
