Difference between revisions of "Flame test"

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A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.
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A '''flame test''' is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.
  
 
==Procedure==
 
==Procedure==
 
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).  
 
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).  
 
  
 
==Flame colors==
 
==Flame colors==
===Violet===
 
Potassium (masked easily)
 
 
===Azure===
 
===Azure===
Copper halides
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*Copper halides (copper(II) chloride)
===Light blue===
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*[[Bismuth]]
Arsenic, selenium, cesium, lead
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===Emerald===
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Copper non-halides
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Ytterbium metal powder
 
===Pure green===
 
Boron, tellurium, thallium
 
===Yellowish-green===
 
Barium
 
 
===Bluish-green===
 
===Bluish-green===
Phosphates with sulfuric acid
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*Phosphates with [[sulfuric acid]]
===Whitish-green===
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*[[Phosphorus]]
Zinc metal
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*[[Zinc]] metal
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===Brick red===
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*[[Cadmium]]
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===Carmine===
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*[[Lithium]] (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)
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===Crimson red===
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*Radium
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===Emerald===
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*Copper non-halides
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*[[Ytterbium]] metal powder
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===Feeble green===
 
===Feeble green===
Antimony, ammonium
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*Ammonium
===Yellow===
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*[[Antimony]]
Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)
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===Gray===
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMNsnZ5jSmc Nitromethane]
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===Light blue===
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*[[Arsenic]]
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*[[Caesium]]
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*[[Lead]]
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*[[Selenium]]
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===Orange===
 
===Orange===
Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium)
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*[[Calcium]] (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium)
===Scarlet===
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*[[Scandium]]
Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)
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===Carmine===
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===Pale blue===
Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)
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*[[Germanium]]
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===Pale green===
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*Antimony
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===Pink===
 
===Pink===
Samarium metal
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*[[Samarium]] metal
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===Pure green===
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*[[Boron]]
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*[[Tellurium]]
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*[[Thallium]]
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===Purple===
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*[[Potassium chloride]]
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===Red===
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*[[Mercury]]
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===Red-violet===
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*[[Rubidium]]
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===Scarlet===
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*Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)
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===Silvery-white===
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*[[Aluminium]]
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*[[Chromium]]
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*[[Cobalt]]
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*[[Nickel]]
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===Violet===
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*Potassium (masked easily)
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===White===
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*[[Beryllium]]
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*[[Magnesium]]
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===Yellow===
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*[[Sodium]] (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)
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===Yellowish-green===
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*[[Barium]]
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*[[Manganese]]
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*[[Molybdenum]]
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*[[Vanadium]]
  
 
== Spectroscopy ==
 
== Spectroscopy ==
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A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.
 
A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.
  
[[Category:Procedures]]
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==References==
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<references/>
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===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=19912 Lithium Flame tests]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=14020 Interesting Spectation]
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[[Category:Analytical techniques]]

Latest revision as of 21:29, 2 December 2018

A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.

Procedure

A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).

Flame colors

Azure

  • Copper halides (copper(II) chloride)
  • Bismuth

Bluish-green

Brick red

Carmine

  • Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)

Crimson red

  • Radium

Emerald

Feeble green

Gray

Light blue

Orange

  • Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium)
  • Scandium

Pale blue

Pale green

  • Antimony

Pink

Pure green

Purple

Red

Red-violet

Scarlet

  • Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)

Silvery-white

Violet

  • Potassium (masked easily)

White

Yellow

  • Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)

Yellowish-green

Spectroscopy

A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads