Difference between revisions of "Hydrazine nitrate"

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(Created page with "{{Chembox | Name = Hydrazine nitrate | Reference = | IUPACName = Hydrazine nitrate | PIN = | SystematicName = | OtherNames = Hydrazine mononitrate<br>Hydrazinium nitrate <!--...")
 
 
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| Appearance = White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid
 
| Appearance = White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid
 
| BoilingPt =  
 
| BoilingPt =  
| BoilingPtC =  
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| BoilingPtC = 307
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
| BoilingPt_notes =  
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| BoilingPt_notes = (detonation)
 
| Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
 
| Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
 
| Formula = N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>
 
| Formula = N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>
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| AutoignitionPt =  
 
| AutoignitionPt =  
 
| ExploLimits =  
 
| ExploLimits =  
| ExternalMSDS =  
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| ExternalMSDS = None
 
| FlashPt =  
 
| FlashPt =  
 
| LD50 =  
 
| LD50 =  
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| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
| OtherCompounds = [[Hydrazine sulfate]]
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| OtherCompounds = [[Hydrazine hydrochloride]]<br>[[Hydrazine perchlorate]]<br>[[Hydrazine sulfate]]
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
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'''Hydrazine nitrate''' is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·HNO<sub>3</sub>''' or '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>'''. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives.
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'''Hydrazine nitrate''', or more correctly but rarer used '''hydrazinium nitrate''', is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·HNO<sub>3</sub>''' or '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>'''. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Explosive===
 
===Explosive===
Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm.
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Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of [[ammonium nitrate]]. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330474244_Detonation_properties_of_hydrazine_nitrate</ref>
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
Hydrazine nitrate is best synthesized.
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Hydrazine nitrate is not sold by chemical suppliers and it's best synthesized.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of [[hydrazine sulfate]] with and aq. solution of [[calcium nitrate|calcium]], [[barium nitrate|barium]] or [[lead(II) nitrate]]. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable.
 
Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of [[hydrazine sulfate]] with and aq. solution of [[calcium nitrate|calcium]], [[barium nitrate|barium]] or [[lead(II) nitrate]]. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable.
  
Adding [[ammonium nitrate]] to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution.
+
Adding [[ammonium nitrate]] to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution. Vacuum may be required to remove the last traces of ammonia from the solution and to speed up the drying.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
 
*[[Rocket propellant]]
 
*[[Rocket propellant]]
 +
*Energetic material
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
Hydrazine nitrate is explosive. Handle it with care
+
Hydrazine nitrate is explosive and highly toxic. Handle it with care
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
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[[Category:Inorganic compounds]]
 
[[Category:Inorganic compounds]]
 
[[Category:Nitrogen compounds]]
 
[[Category:Nitrogen compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Hydrazines]]
 
[[Category:Nitrates]]
 
[[Category:Nitrates]]
 
[[Category:Carcinogenic]]
 
[[Category:Carcinogenic]]
 +
[[Category:Energetic materials]]
 +
[[Category:Secondary explosives]]

Latest revision as of 17:29, 31 July 2023

Hydrazine nitrate
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrazine nitrate
Other names
Hydrazine mononitrate
Hydrazinium nitrate
Properties
N3H5O3
N2H5NO3
Molar mass 95.02 g/mol
Appearance White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.64 g/cm3
Melting point 72 °C (162 °F; 345 K)
Boiling point 307 °C (585 °F; 580 K) (detonation)
175 g/100 ml (10 °C)
266 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Hazards
Safety data sheet None
Related compounds
Related compounds
Hydrazine hydrochloride
Hydrazine perchlorate
Hydrazine sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Hydrazine nitrate, or more correctly but rarer used hydrazinium nitrate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4·HNO3 or N2H5NO3. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives.

Properties

Chemical

Hydrazine nitrate will burn if ignited and may even explode.

Physical

Hydrazinium nitrate is a white crystalline solid, very soluble in water.

Explosive

Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm.[1]

Availability

Hydrazine nitrate is not sold by chemical suppliers and it's best synthesized.

Preparation

Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of hydrazine sulfate with and aq. solution of calcium, barium or lead(II) nitrate. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable.

Adding ammonium nitrate to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution. Vacuum may be required to remove the last traces of ammonia from the solution and to speed up the drying.

Projects

Handling

Safety

Hydrazine nitrate is explosive and highly toxic. Handle it with care

Storage

Don't store it for long, use it as quickly as possible.

Disposal

Dilution in water, followed by destruction with acidified hypochlorite solution.

References

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330474244_Detonation_properties_of_hydrazine_nitrate

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