Difference between revisions of "Hydroiodic acid"

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'''Hydroiodic acid''' is an unstable, very strong hydrohalic acid, formed by dissolution of hydrogen iodide in water. Pure hydroiodic acid is colorless, but it is very hard to obtain a pure sample and keep it pure, because it easily decomposes, liberating elemental iodine and forming the very unstable hydrotriiodic acid. In practice, solutions of hydroiodic acid are typically yellow or brown. It is one of the strongest mineral acids.
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'''Hydroiodic acid''' (or '''hydriodic acid''') is an unstable, very strong hydrohalic acid with chemical formula '''HI''', formed by dissolution of [[hydrogen iodide]] in water. Pure hydroiodic acid is colorless, but it is very hard to obtain a pure sample and keep it pure, because it easily decomposes, liberating elemental iodine and forming the very unstable hydrotriiodic acid. In practice, solutions of hydroiodic acid are typically yellow or brown. It is one of the strongest mineral acids.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide</ref>
  
 
== Properties ==
 
== Properties ==
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
The physical properties of hydroiodic acid vary depending on its concentration. Azeotropic hydroiodic acid contains 57% HI and boils at 127°C. More common is 45% hydroiodic acid, which has a density of 1,48 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
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The physical properties of hydroiodic acid vary depending on its concentration. Azeotropic hydroiodic acid contains 57% HI and boils at 127°C. More common is 45% hydroiodic acid, which has a density of 1.48 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
  
 
=== Chemical properties ===
 
=== Chemical properties ===
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Hydroiodic acid is a very strong acid and a highly potent reducing agent. It is also used as a iodinating agent.  
 
Hydroiodic acid is a very strong acid and a highly potent reducing agent. It is also used as a iodinating agent.  
  
== Sources ==
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== Availability and Sources ==
  
Hydroiodic acid is sometimes available in chemical reagent stores, but this availability varies because of the acid's use in drug synthesis. It is not used in any household chemicals.
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Hydroiodic acid is sometimes available in chemical reagent stores, but this availability varies because of the acid's use in drug synthesis. In USA it is classified as DEA List I chemical. It is not used in any household chemicals.
  
 
== Preparation ==
 
== Preparation ==
  
Hydroiodic acid is the most elusive hydrohalic acid, it generally cannot be prepared in satisfying amount by reactions of other strong acids and iodide salts. Only [[phosphoric acid]] can be used to produce hydroiodic acid with this method. Because of this, other methods are used, such as reducing elemental iodine with hydrogen sulfide or hydrolysis of phosphorus triiodide.
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Hydroiodic acid is the most elusive hydrohalic acid, it generally cannot be prepared in satisfying amount by reactions of other strong acids and iodide salts. Only certain acids such as [[phosphoric acid]] or [[hydrogen sulfide]] can be used to produce hydroiodic acid with this method. Hydrogen iodide can also be obtained from the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with elemental iodine. Most strong acids, such as [[sulfuric acid]] will oxidize iodide salts to elemental iodine, and as such cannot be used.
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Other methods used are the hydrolysis of [[phosphorus triiodide]] or aluminium iodide.
  
 
== Handling ==
 
== Handling ==
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=== Legality ===
 
=== Legality ===
  
Like many strong reducing agents, hydroiodic acid is a controlled substance in many countries, because it is used in illegal production of metamphetamine. In the US, it's a DEA List I chemical.  
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Like many strong reducing agents, hydroiodic acid is a controlled substance in many countries, because it is used in illegal production of metamphetamine. In the US, it's a DEA List I chemical.
  
 
=== Storage ===
 
=== Storage ===
  
Hydroiodic acid must be stored in a dark place, in bottles of dark glass, sealed from access to atmospheric oxygen.
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Hydroiodic acid must be stored in a dark place, in bottles of dark glass, sealed from access to atmospheric oxygen. Hypophosphorous acid is sometimes added as stabilizer.<ref>https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigald/210021</ref>
  
 
=== Disposal ===
 
=== Disposal ===
  
Hydroiodic acid should be neutralized before disposal by any non-toxic base.
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Hydroiodic acid should be neutralized before disposal. Any non-toxic base can be used. Reducing agents, like sodium thiosulfate or metabisulfite can be used to neutralize any iodine traces resulting from the decomposition of HI.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide
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<references/>
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===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=120001 Easy synthesis of hydroiodic acid]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=8026 57% Hydriodic Acid Solution]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=31393 Hydriodic acid synthesis video (Question)]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=18302 New Way to Prepare Hydroiodic acid (HI)?]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=7482 Hydroiodic acid made in situ]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
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[[Category:Unstable materials]]
 
[[Category:Unstable materials]]
 
[[Category:Corrosive chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Corrosive chemicals]]
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[[Category:DEA List I chemicals]]
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[[Category:Irritants]]

Revision as of 18:00, 21 February 2019

Hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid) is an unstable, very strong hydrohalic acid with chemical formula HI, formed by dissolution of hydrogen iodide in water. Pure hydroiodic acid is colorless, but it is very hard to obtain a pure sample and keep it pure, because it easily decomposes, liberating elemental iodine and forming the very unstable hydrotriiodic acid. In practice, solutions of hydroiodic acid are typically yellow or brown. It is one of the strongest mineral acids.[1]

Properties

Physical

The physical properties of hydroiodic acid vary depending on its concentration. Azeotropic hydroiodic acid contains 57% HI and boils at 127°C. More common is 45% hydroiodic acid, which has a density of 1.48 g/cm3.

Chemical properties

Hydroiodic acid is a very strong acid and a highly potent reducing agent. It is also used as a iodinating agent.

Availability and Sources

Hydroiodic acid is sometimes available in chemical reagent stores, but this availability varies because of the acid's use in drug synthesis. In USA it is classified as DEA List I chemical. It is not used in any household chemicals.

Preparation

Hydroiodic acid is the most elusive hydrohalic acid, it generally cannot be prepared in satisfying amount by reactions of other strong acids and iodide salts. Only certain acids such as phosphoric acid or hydrogen sulfide can be used to produce hydroiodic acid with this method. Hydrogen iodide can also be obtained from the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with elemental iodine. Most strong acids, such as sulfuric acid will oxidize iodide salts to elemental iodine, and as such cannot be used.

Other methods used are the hydrolysis of phosphorus triiodide or aluminium iodide.

Handling

Safety

Hydroiodic acid is a very strong, corrosive acid. It is mostly non-toxic. However, protective gear is advised when handling it. Concentrated solutions release corrosive fumes.

Legality

Like many strong reducing agents, hydroiodic acid is a controlled substance in many countries, because it is used in illegal production of metamphetamine. In the US, it's a DEA List I chemical.

Storage

Hydroiodic acid must be stored in a dark place, in bottles of dark glass, sealed from access to atmospheric oxygen. Hypophosphorous acid is sometimes added as stabilizer.[2]

Disposal

Hydroiodic acid should be neutralized before disposal. Any non-toxic base can be used. Reducing agents, like sodium thiosulfate or metabisulfite can be used to neutralize any iodine traces resulting from the decomposition of HI.

References

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide
  2. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigald/210021

Relevant Sciencemadness threads