Difference between revisions of "Magnesium chloride"

From Sciencemadness Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 4: Line 4:
 
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride
 
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride
 
| PIN =
 
| PIN =
| SystematicName =
+
| SystematicName = Magnesium chloride
 
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list
 
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list
   | ''name1''
+
   | ''Nigari salt''
 
   | ''name2''
 
   | ''name2''
 
   ...
 
   ...
Line 48: Line 48:
 
| 3DMet =  
 
| 3DMet =  
 
| Abbreviations =  
 
| Abbreviations =  
| SMILES =  
+
| SMILES = [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
 
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
 
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =  
 
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =  
| Appearance =  
+
| Appearance = white or colorless crystalline solid
 
| BoilingPt =  
 
| BoilingPt =  
 
| BoilingPtC =  
 
| BoilingPtC =  
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
 
| BoilingPt_notes =  
 
| BoilingPt_notes =  
| Density =  
+
| Density = 2.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) <br> 1.569 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate)
| Formula =  
+
| Formula = MgCl<sub>2</sub>
 
| HenryConstant =  
 
| HenryConstant =  
 
| LogP =  
 
| LogP =  
| MolarMass =  
+
| MolarMass = 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
 
| MeltingPt =  
 
| MeltingPt =  
| MeltingPtC =  
+
| MeltingPtC = 714
 
| MeltingPt_ref =  
 
| MeltingPt_ref =  
| MeltingPt_notes =  
+
| MeltingPt_notes = {{convert|117|C|F K}} (hexahydrate)
 
| pKa =  
 
| pKa =  
 
| pKb =  
 
| pKb =  
| Solubility =  
+
| Solubility = ''anhydrous'' <br> 52.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 54.3 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 72.6 g/100 mL (100 °C) <hr> ''hexahydrate'' <br> 167 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| SolubleOther =  
+
| Solubility1 = 7.4 g/100 mL (30 °C)
| Solvent =  
+
| Solvent1 = ethanol
 +
| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in [[acetone]], [[pyridine]]
 
| VaporPressure =  
 
| VaporPressure =  
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =  
+
| Coordination = (octahedral, 6-coordinate)
| CrystalStruct =  
+
| CrystalStruct = [[Cadmium chloride#Crystal structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]
 
| MolShape =  
 
| MolShape =  
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
 
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaGf =  
+
| DeltaGf = -591.6 kJ/mol
 
| DeltaHc =  
 
| DeltaHc =  
| DeltaHf =  
+
| DeltaHf = -641.1 kJ/mol
| Entropy =  
+
| Entropy = 89.88 J/mol K
| HeatCapacity =  
+
| HeatCapacity = 71.09 J/mol K
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
 
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
| ShockSens =  
+
| ShockSens = Non-explosive
| FrictionSens =  
+
| FrictionSens = Non-explosive
| DetonationV =  
+
| DetonationV = Non-explosive
| REFactor =  
+
| REFactor = Non-explosive
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
| AutoignitionPt =  
+
| AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable
| ExploLimits =  
+
| ExploLimits = Non-explosive
| ExternalMSDS =  
+
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0764.htm ICSC 0764]
| FlashPt =  
+
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| LD50 =  
+
| LD50 = 2800 mg/kg (oral, rat)
 
| LC50 =  
 
| LC50 =  
| MainHazards =  
+
| MainHazards = Irritant
 
| NFPA-F =  
 
| NFPA-F =  
 
| NFPA-H =  
 
| NFPA-H =  
Line 105: Line 106:
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
 
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =  
+
| OtherAnions = [[Magnesium fluoride]]<br/>[[Magnesium bromide]]<br/>[[Magnesium iodide]]
| OtherCations =  
+
| OtherCations = [[Beryllium chloride]]<br/>[[Calcium chloride]]<br/>[[Strontium chloride]]<br/>[[Barium chloride]]
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
Line 112: Line 113:
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
}}
 
}}
'''Magnesium chloride''' is a chemical compounds with the formula MgCl<sub>2</sub>.
+
'''Magnesium chloride''' also known as '''Nigari''' is a chemical compounds with the formula '''MgCl<sub>2</sub>'''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide anc calcium chloride
+
Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride
  
:MgCl<sub>2(aq)</sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> → Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub>
+
:MgCl<sub>2(aq)</sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> → Mg(OH)<sub>2(pp)</sub> + CaCl<sub>2(aq)</sub>
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in ethanol.
+
Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in [[ethanol]].
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
Line 130: Line 131:
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate.
 
Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate.
 +
 +
A cheaper way involves the reaction of [[magnesium sulfate]] (Epsom salt) with [[calcium chloride]]. The resulting calcium sulfate is filtered off and the magnesium chloride solution is gently heated at 100 °C to remove the water. Since a small amount will hydrolyze, injecting dry hydrogen chloride gas will regenerate the magnesium chloride. Magnesium carbonate can also be used instead of Epsom salt.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
*Make elemental magnesium
+
*Make elemental magnesium (electrolysis of molten MgCl<sub>2</sub> at over 714 °C, or of an eutectic mixture of MgCl<sub>2</sub>, KCl, NaCl at 475 °C)
 +
*Home-made desiccator
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and may cause irritations
+
Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and its anhydrous form may cause irritations on contact with skin, eyes or mouth.
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
 +
Because of its hygroscopicity, magnesium chloride must be stored in an air-tight container.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
 +
Magnesium chloride can be safely poured down the drain.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=41540 failed attempt for magnesium chloride.]
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=44622  Magnesium Chloride to Magnesium Metal]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
Line 150: Line 158:
 
[[Category:Magnesium compounds]]
 
[[Category:Magnesium compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chlorides]]
 
[[Category:Chlorides]]
 +
[[Category:Easily prepared chemicals]]

Revision as of 18:02, 12 November 2015

Magnesium chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Magnesium chloride
Systematic IUPAC name
Magnesium chloride
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
MgCl2
Molar mass 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)
203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance white or colorless crystalline solid
Density 2.32 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.569 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Melting point 714 °C (1,317 °F; 987 K) 117 °C (243 °F; 390 K) (hexahydrate)
anhydrous
52.9 g/100 mL (0 °C)
54.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
72.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)
hexahydrate
167 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in acetone, pyridine
Solubility in ethanol 7.4 g/100 mL (30 °C)
Thermochemistry
89.88 J/mol K
-641.1 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 0764
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2800 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Magnesium chloride also known as Nigari is a chemical compounds with the formula MgCl2.

Properties

Chemical

Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride

MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2(pp) + CaCl2(aq)

Physical

Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in ethanol.

Availability

Magnesium chloride is available as tofu coagulant, more exactly as "Nigari flakes" or "Nigari salt".

Magnesium chloride sometimes occurs naturally as the mineral bischofite.

Preparation

Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate.

A cheaper way involves the reaction of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) with calcium chloride. The resulting calcium sulfate is filtered off and the magnesium chloride solution is gently heated at 100 °C to remove the water. Since a small amount will hydrolyze, injecting dry hydrogen chloride gas will regenerate the magnesium chloride. Magnesium carbonate can also be used instead of Epsom salt.

Projects

  • Make elemental magnesium (electrolysis of molten MgCl2 at over 714 °C, or of an eutectic mixture of MgCl2, KCl, NaCl at 475 °C)
  • Home-made desiccator

Handling

Safety

Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and its anhydrous form may cause irritations on contact with skin, eyes or mouth.

Storage

Because of its hygroscopicity, magnesium chloride must be stored in an air-tight container.

Disposal

Magnesium chloride can be safely poured down the drain.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads