Difference between revisions of "Magnet"
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| − | | Appearance = | + | | Appearance = Metallic gray alloy |
| BoilingPt = | | BoilingPt = | ||
| BoilingPtC = | | BoilingPtC = | ||
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| BoilingPt_notes = | | BoilingPt_notes = | ||
| Density = | | Density = | ||
| − | | Formula = Nd<sub>2</sub> | + | | Formula = Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B + various trace materials |
| HenryConstant = | | HenryConstant = | ||
| LogP = | | LogP = | ||
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| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| VaporPressure = | | VaporPressure = | ||
| + | | CurieTemperature = 340 C | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Related | | Section7 = {{Chembox Related | ||
| OtherAnions = | | OtherAnions = | ||
| − | | OtherCations = | + | | OtherCations = [[Neodymium]], [[Neodymium oxalate]] |
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | + | Neodymium magnets are a commonly-encountered form of magnetic material that are used by amateur chemists to prepare neodymium compounds. | |
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==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | + | The alloy inside the magnets is primarily composed of macroscopic Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B grains, surrounded by a Nd-rich matrix layer (~90% Nd). For amateur chemist purposes, they can be assumed to be composed entirely of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B alloy. | |
| + | |||
| + | Neodymium magnets are plated in a oxidation-resistant layer of copper, nickel, and/or gold, with possible tin and mercury additives. When this layer is broken, they will react vigorously with acids to produce corresponding neodymium and iron salts, as well as boron or boric acid depending on the acid chosen. | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2 Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B + 35 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O -> 4 Nd<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 28 FeSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> + 3 SO<sub>2</sub> | ||
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | Neodymium | + | Neodymium magnets are a dark gray, grainy alloy coated with a mechanically polished, electroplated layer of protective metals. |
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==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
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===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | Neodymium | + | Neodymium magnets, if magnetized, should be stored in soft foam padding to avoid injury. When demagnetized, they are essentially a lump of metal and can be stored safely in any container. |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| − | Neodymium | + | Neodymium magnets, if of considerable size and/or magnetic strength, should be demagnetized in an oven above their Curie temperature before disposing. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Lanthanide compounds]] | [[Category:Lanthanide compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Neodymium compounds]] | [[Category:Neodymium compounds]] | ||
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Revision as of 05:18, 4 December 2017
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This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
N/A
| |
| Other names
Neodymium magnet, neo-magnet
| |
| Properties | |
| Nd2Fe14B + various trace materials | |
| Molar mass | 1081.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | Metallic gray alloy |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility | Insoluble in organic solvents |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich (hydrate) |
| Related compounds | |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Neodymium magnets are a commonly-encountered form of magnetic material that are used by amateur chemists to prepare neodymium compounds.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
The alloy inside the magnets is primarily composed of macroscopic Nd2Fe14B grains, surrounded by a Nd-rich matrix layer (~90% Nd). For amateur chemist purposes, they can be assumed to be composed entirely of Nd2Fe14B alloy.
Neodymium magnets are plated in a oxidation-resistant layer of copper, nickel, and/or gold, with possible tin and mercury additives. When this layer is broken, they will react vigorously with acids to produce corresponding neodymium and iron salts, as well as boron or boric acid depending on the acid chosen.
2 Nd2Fe14B + 35 H2SO4 + H2O -> 4 Nd2(SO4)3 + 28 FeSO4 + 2 H3BO3 + 3 SO2
Physical
Neodymium magnets are a dark gray, grainy alloy coated with a mechanically polished, electroplated layer of protective metals.
Projects
Handling
Safety
Neodymium is a heavy metal, and as such is toxic if ingested. Standard gloves should be safe to handle neodymium compounds with. Oxalates and oxalic acid are toxic by ingestion, and may lead to kidney stones and other deleterious side effects. The effects are somewhat mitigated by the fact that neodymium oxalate is inert and water-insoluble, however.
Storage
Neodymium magnets, if magnetized, should be stored in soft foam padding to avoid injury. When demagnetized, they are essentially a lump of metal and can be stored safely in any container.
Disposal
Neodymium magnets, if of considerable size and/or magnetic strength, should be demagnetized in an oven above their Curie temperature before disposing.
