Difference between revisions of "Nickel"

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{{Infobox element
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<!-- General properties -->
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|name=Nickel
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|symbol=Ni
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|pronounce=
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|pronounce ref=
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|pronounce comment=
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|pronounce 2=
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|alt name=
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|alt names=
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|allotropes=
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|appearance=
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<!-- Periodic table -->
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|above=
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|below=Pd
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|left=Co
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|right=Cu
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|number=28
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|atomic mass=58.6934
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|atomic mass 2=
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|atomic mass ref=
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|atomic mass comment=
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|series=
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|series ref=
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|series comment=
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|series color=
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|group= 10
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|group ref=
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|group comment=
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|period= 4
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|period ref=
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|period comment=
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|block= d-block
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|block ref=
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|block comment=
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|electron configuration=[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or
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[Ar] 3d9 4s1
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|electron configuration ref=
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|electron configuration comment=
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|electrons per shell=2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
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|electrons per shell ref=
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|electrons per shell comment=
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<!-- Physical properties -->
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|physical properties comment=
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|color=silver,metallic
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|phase=solid
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|phase ref=
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|phase comment=
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|melting point K=1728
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|melting point C=1455
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|melting point F=2651
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|melting point ref=
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|melting point comment=
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|boiling point K=3003
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|boiling point C=2730
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|boiling point F=4946
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|boiling point ref=
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|boiling point comment=
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|sublimation point K=
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|sublimation point C=
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|sublimation point F=
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|sublimation point ref=
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|sublimation point comment=
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|density gplstp=8.908 g/cm3
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|density gpcm3nrt=
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|density gpcm3mp=
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|density gpcm3bp=
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|molar volume=
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|molar volume unit =
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|triple point K=
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|triple point kPa=
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|triple point ref=
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|triple point K 2=
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|triple point kPa 2=
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|critical point K=
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|critical point MPa=
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|heat fusion=
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|heat fusion 2=
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|heat vaporization=
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|heat capacity=
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|heat capacity 2=
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|vapor pressure 1=
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|vapor pressure 10=
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|vapor pressure 100=
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|vapor pressure 1 k=
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|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
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|vapor pressure 2 comment=
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<!-- Atomic properties -->
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|atomic properties comment=
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|oxidation states=4,3,2,1,-1,-2
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|oxidation states ref=
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|oxidation states comment=
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|electronegativity=
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|electronegativity ref=
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|electronegativity comment=
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|ionization energy 1=
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|ionization energy 1 ref=
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|ionization energy 1 comment=
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|ionization energy 2=
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|ionization energy 2 ref=
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|ionization energy 2 comment=
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|ionization energy 3=
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|ionization energy 3 ref=
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|ionization energy 3 comment=
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|number of ionization energies=
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|ionization energy ref=
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|ionization energy comment=
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|atomic radius=
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|atomic radius ref=
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|atomic radius comment=
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|atomic radius calculated=
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|atomic radius calculated ref=
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|atomic radius calculated comment=
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|covalent radius=
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|covalent radius ref=
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|covalent radius comment=
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|Van der Waals radius=
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|Van der Waals radius ref=
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|Van der Waals radius comment=
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<!-- Miscellanea -->
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|crystal structure=
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|crystal structure prefix=
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|crystal structure ref=
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|crystal structure comment=
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|crystal structure 2=
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|crystal structure 2 prefix=
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|crystal structure 2 ref=
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|crystal structure 2 comment=
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|speed of sound=
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|speed of sound ref=
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|speed of sound comment=
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|speed of sound rod at 20=
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|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
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|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
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|thermal expansion=
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|thermal expansion ref=
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|thermal expansion comment=
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|thermal expansion at 25=
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|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
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|thermal expansion at 25 comment=
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|thermal conductivity=
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|thermal conductivity ref=
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|thermal conductivity comment=
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|thermal conductivity 2=
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|thermal conductivity 2 ref=
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|thermal conductivity 2 comment=
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|thermal diffusivity=
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|thermal diffusivity ref=
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|thermal diffusivity comment=
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|electrical resistivity=
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|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
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|electrical resistivity ref=
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|electrical resistivity comment=
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|electrical resistivity at 0=
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|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
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|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
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|electrical resistivity at 20=
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|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
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|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
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|band gap=
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|band gap ref=
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|band gap comment=
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|Curie point K=
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|Curie point ref=
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|Curie point comment=
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|magnetic ordering=
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|magnetic ordering ref=
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|magnetic ordering comment=
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|tensile strength=
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|tensile strength ref=
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|tensile strength comment=
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|Young's modulus=
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|Young's modulus ref=
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|Young's modulus comment=
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|Shear modulus=
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|Shear modulus ref=
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|Shear modulus comment=
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|Bulk modulus=
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|Bulk modulus ref=
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|Bulk modulus comment=
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|Poisson ratio=
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|Poisson ratio ref=
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|Poisson ratio comment=
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|Mohs hardness=
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|Mohs hardness ref=
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|Mohs hardness comment=
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|Mohs hardness 2=
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|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
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|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
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|Vickers hardness=
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|Vickers hardness ref=
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|Vickers hardness comment=
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|Brinell hardness=
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|Brinell hardness ref=
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|Brinell hardness comment=
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|CAS number=
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|CAS number comment=
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<!-- History -->
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|naming=
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|predicted by=
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|prediction date=
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|discovered by=
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|discovery date=
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|first isolation by=
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|first isolation date=
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|discovery and first isolation by=
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|named by=
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|named date=
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|history comment label=
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|history comment=
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<!-- Isotopes -->
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|isotopes=
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|isotopes comment=
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|engvar=
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}}
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(Introduction)
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==Properties==
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===Chemical===
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===Physical===
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==Availability==
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Delete this section if not applicable
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==Isolation==
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Delete this section if not applicable
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==Projects==
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==Handling==
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===Safety===
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===Storage===
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===Disposal===
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==References==
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<references/>
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===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
'''Nickel''' is a [[transition metal]] with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is well-known as a coinage material due to its corrosion resistance, and is often used to [[Nickel plating|plate objects]]. In solution, it has extensive [[coordination complex|coordination chemistry]], and some interesting [[Redox reaction|redox chemistry]] which is not commonly seen.
 
'''Nickel''' is a [[transition metal]] with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is well-known as a coinage material due to its corrosion resistance, and is often used to [[Nickel plating|plate objects]]. In solution, it has extensive [[coordination complex|coordination chemistry]], and some interesting [[Redox reaction|redox chemistry]] which is not commonly seen.
  

Revision as of 08:52, 30 January 2016

Nickel,  28Ni
General properties
Name, symbol Nickel, Ni
Nickel in the periodic table


Ni

Pd
Co ← Nickel → Cu
Atomic number 28
Standard atomic weight (Ar) 58.6934
Group, block , d-block-block
Period period 4
Electron configuration

[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or

[Ar] 3d9 4s1
per shell
2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
Physical properties
silver,metallic
Phase solid
Melting point 1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
Boiling point 3003 K ​(2730 °C, ​4946 °F)
Density at  (0 °C and 101.325 kPa) 8.908 g/cm3 g/L
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 4,3,2,1,-1,-2
· references

(Introduction)

Properties

Chemical

Physical

Availability

Delete this section if not applicable

Isolation

Delete this section if not applicable

Projects

Handling

Safety

Storage

Disposal

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

Nickel is a transition metal with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is well-known as a coinage material due to its corrosion resistance, and is often used to plate objects. In solution, it has extensive coordination chemistry, and some interesting redox chemistry which is not commonly seen.

Properties

Physical properties

Nickel is a silvery-white metal that has a slight yellowish tinge. It is one of four elements that is ferromagnetic at or near room temperature (iron, cobalt, and gadolinium being the others). Its Curie temperature is 355 °C, which causes the metal to reversibly become paramagnetic. It is hard yet ductile.

Chemical properties

Much of nickel's chemical resistance owes to its passivation in air. It will also passivate in the presence of fluorine, making it an ideal material for handling and storing the gas. It will dissolve only slowly in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. In concentrated nitric acid, nickel will not dissolve, but it will dissolve in dilute nitric acid.

Nickel(II) compounds form a hexaaqua complex in water with the formula [Ni(H2O)6]2+ and coordinate to many different ligands, including chloride, ammonia, and ethylenediamine. These complexes can be hexacoordinate, tetragonal, or square planar, with square planar complexes such as tetrachloronickelate being diamagnetic rather than paramagnetic.

Availability

Nickel is present as the main material in older Canadian nickels. It is also present in US nickels, dimes, quarters and in 1 and 2 euro coins too. However, the majority of the metal is copper, with nickel making up anywhere from 9% to 25% of the coin. Destroying coins is illegal however, and heavy fines exist everywhere for breaking this law.

A good source of nickel is Mu-metal, an alloy containing 77-80% nickel, 16% iron, 5-2% copper and molybdenum. This alloy compounds the brackets of hard drive magnets, which can be extracted from old hard disks. Old submarine cables also contain MU-metal wiring. Cathod tubes are also a source. Chemical extraction is required to separate the nickel.

Nickel strips for electroplating can be bought from United Nuclear.

Another good source of nickel metal is the Ni200 wire sold in many electronic cigarette stores, as heating wire. The nickel content is 99%.

Projects

Handling

Safety

Nickel compounds are known to be carcinogens, and are grouped as class 1. Nickel metal is grouped as class 2B (it is a suspected carcinogen). However, it is not regulated by OSHA.

Some people are allergic to nickel metal and develop an itch or rash when exposed to it (contact dermatitis). If this occurs, wear gloves when handling the metal.

Storage

No special storage is required for bulk nickel. Nickel powder must be stored in closed bottles, away from any ignition source.

Disposal

Nickel and its compounds should be taken to disposal facilities.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads