Solubility

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Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a solution of the solute in the solvent. Most often, the solvent is a liquid, which can be a pure substance or a mixture. One may also speak of solid solution, but rarely of solution in a gas.

Solubility of chemicals in solvents

Solubility of chemicals in water

The table below provides information on the of solubility of different substances in water, at different temperatures, at 1 atmosphere of pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams per 100 grams of water (g/100g or g/L).

Substance 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C
Actinium(III) hydroxide 0.0021
Aluminium chloride 43.9 44.9 45.8 46.6 47.3 48.1 48.6 49.0
Aluminium fluoride 0.56 0.56 0.67 0.78 0.91 1.1 1.32 1.72
Aluminium hydroxide 0.0001
Aluminium nitrate 60 66.7 73.9 81.8 88.7 96.0 106 120 132 153 160
Aluminium perchlorate 122 128 133
Aluminium sulfate 31.2 33.5 36.4 40.4 45.8 52.2 59.2 66.2 73 80.8 89.0
Ammonia 1176 900 702 565 428 333 252 188 138 100 88
Ammonium acetate 102 143 204 311 533
Ammonium azide 16 25.3 37.1
Ammonium benzoate 19.6 21.3 83
Ammonium bicarbonate 11.9 16.1 21.7 28.4 36.6 59.2 109 Dec Dec
Ammonium bromide 60.6 68.1 76.4 83.2 91.2 99.2 108 117 125 135 145
Ammonium carbonate 55.8 10 Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec
Ammonium chlorate 28.7
Ammonium chloride 29.4 33.2 37.2 41.4 45.8 50.4 55.3 60.2 65.6 71.2 77.3
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate 0.289 0.374 0.499 0.637 0.815 1.44 2.16 2.61 3.36
Ammonium chromate 25 29.2 34 39.3 45.3 51.9 59.0 71.2 76.1
Ammonium dichromate 18.2 25.5 35.6 46.5 58.5 71.4 86.0 115 156
Ammonium dihydrogen arsenate 33.7 48.7 63.8 83 107 122
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 22.7 39.5 37.4 46.4 56.7 69.0 82.5 98.6 118.3 142.8 173.2
Ammonium fluoride 100
Ammonium fluorosilicate 12.28 16.41 18.6 25.0 31.6 35.4 40.4 44.9 61.0
Ammonium formate 102 143 204 311 533
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate 42.9 62.9 68.9 75.1 81.8 89.2 97.2 106 110 112 121
Ammonium hydrogen sulfate 100
Ammonium hydrogen tartrate 1.88 2.7
Ammonium iodate 14.5
Ammonium iodide 155 163 172 182 191 200 209 219 229 250
Ammonium nitrate 118 150 192 242 297 344 421 499 580 740 871
Ammonium orthoperiodate 2.7
Ammonium oxalate 2.2 3.21 4.45 6.09 8.18 10.3 14.0 22.4 27.9 34.7
Ammonium perchlorate 11.56 16.4 20.85 30.58 39.05 48.19 57.01
Ammonium permanganate Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec
Ammonium perrhenate 2.8 6.2 12.0 20.7 32.3 39.1
Ammonium phosphate 9.40 20.3 37.7
Ammonium selenate 96 105 115 126 143 192
Ammonium sulfate 70.6 73 75.4 78.1 81.2 84.3 87.4 94.1 103
Ammonium aluminium sulfate 2.4 5.0 7.4 10.5 14.6 19.6 26.7 37.7 53.9 98.2 121
Ammonium sulfite 47.9 54 60.8 68.8 78.4 104 144 150 153
Ammonium tartrate 45 55 63 70.5 76.5 86.9
Ammonium thiocyanate 120 144 170 208 234 235 346
Ammonium thiosulfate 173 205
Ammonium vanadate 0.48 0.84 1.32 1.78 2.42 3.05
Aniline 3.6
Antimony trifluoride 385 444 562
Antimony sulfide 1.8×10-4
Antimony trichloride 602 910 1090 1370 1917 4531
Argon 0.056 0.0405 0.0336 0.0288 0.0252 0.0223
Arsenic pentasulfide 0.0014
Arsenic pentoxide 59.5 62.1 65.8 70.6 71.2 73.0 75.1 76.7
Arsenious sulfide 0.0004
Arsenic trioxide 1.21 1.58 1.80 2.93 3.43 4.44 5.37 5.89 6.55 9.0
Arsine 0.2
Barium acetate 58.8 62 72 75 78.5 77 75 74 74
Barium arsenate 2.586×10−9
Barium azide 12.5 16.1 17.4 24.75
Barium bromate monohydrate 0.29 0.44 0.65 0.95 1.31 1.75 2.27 3.01 3.65 4.45 5.71
Barium bromide 98 101 104 109 114 123 135 149
Barium carbonate 1.409×10−3
Barium chlorate 20.3 26.9 33.9 41.6 49.7 66.7 84.8 105
Barium chloride 31.2 33.5 35.8 38.1 40.8 46.2 52.5 55.8 59.4
Barium chlorite 43.9 44.6 45.4 47.9 53.8 66.6 80.8
Barium chromate 2.775×10−4
Barium cyanide 80
Barium ferrocyanide 0.009732
Barium fluoride 0.159 0.16 0.161
Barium fluorosilicate 0.028
Barium formate 26.2 28 31.9 34 38.6 44.2 47.6 51.3
Barium hydrogen phosphate 0.013
Barium hydrogen phosphite 0.687
Barium hydroxide 1.67 2.48 3.89 5.59 8.22 11.7 20.9 101
Barium iodate 0.035 0.046 0.057 0.2
Barium iodide 182 201 223 250 264 291 301
Barium molybdate 0.006
Barium nitrate 4.95 6.77 9.02 11.5 14.1 20.4 27.2 34.4
Barium nitrite 50.3 60 72.8 102 151 222 261 325
Barium oxalate 0.003
Barium oxide 3.48 90.8
Barium perchlorate 239 336 416 495 575 653
Barium permanganate 0.015
Barium pyrophosphate 0.009
Barium selenate 0.005
Barium sulfate 2.448×10−4 2.85×10−4
Barium sulfide 2.88 4.89 7.86 10.4 14.9 27.7 49.9 67.3 60.3
Beryllium carbonate 0.218
Beryllium chloride 42 42
Beryllium molybdate 3.02
Beryllium nitrate 97 102 108 113 125 178
Beryllium oxalate 63.5
Beryllium perchlorate 147
Beryllium selenate 49
Beryllium sulfate 37 37.6 39.1 41.4 45.8 53.1 67.2 82.8
Bismuth arsenate 7.298×10−4
Bismuth hydroxide 2.868×10−7
Bismuth iodide 7.761×10−4
Bismuth phosphate 1.096×10−10
Bismuth sulfide 1.561×10−20
Boric acid 2.52 3.49 4.72 6.23 8.08 10.27 12.97 15.75 19.10 23.27 27.53
Boron trioxide 2.2
Bromine monochloride 1.5
Cadmium arsenate 7.091×10−6
Cadmium benzoate 2.81
Cadmium bromate 125
Cadmium bromide 56.3 75.4 98.8 129 152 153 156 160
Cadmium carbonate 3.932×10−5
Cadmium chlorate 299 308 322 348 376 455
Cadmium chloride 100 135 135 135 135 136 140 147
Cadmium cyanide 0.022
Cadmium ferrocyanide 8.736×10−5
Cadmium fluoride 4
Cadmium formate 8.3 11.1 14.4 18.6 25.3 59.5 80.5 85.2 94.6
Cadmium hydroxide 2.697×10−4
Cadmium iodate 0.097
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium nitrate
Cadmium oxalate
Cadmium perchlorate
Cadmium phosphate
Cadmium selenate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium tungstate
Caesium acetate
Caesium azide
Caesium bromate
Caesium bromide
Caesium chlorate
Caesium chloride
Caesium chromate
Caesium fluoride
Caesium fluoroborate
Caesium formate
Caesium iodate
Caesium iodide
Caesium nitrate
Caesium oxalate
Caesium perchlorate
Caesium permanganate
Caesium selenate
Caesium sulfate
Calcium acetate
Calcium arsenate
Calcium azide
Calcium benzoate
Calcium bicarbonate
Calcium bromate
Calcium bromide
Calcium carbonate (Aragonite)
Calcium carbonate (Calcite)
Calcium chlorate
Calcium chloride
Calcium chromate
Calcium citrate
Monocalcium phosphate
Calcium fluoride
Calcium fluorosilicate
Calcium formate
Dicalcium phosphate
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium iodate
Calcium iodide
Calcium molybdate
Calcium nitrate
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate
Calcium nitrite
Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxide
Calcium perchlorate
Calcium permanganate
Calcium phosphate
Calcium selenate
Calcium sulfate
Calcium tungstate
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Cerium(III) acetate
Cerium(III) chloride
Cerium(III) hydroxide
Cerium(III) iodate
Cerium(III) nitrate
Cerium(III) phosphate
Cerium(III) selenate
Cerium(III) sulfate
Cerium(IV) hydroxide
Chromium(III) nitrate
Chromium(III) perchlorate
Chromium(III) sulfate
Chromium(VI) oxide
Cobalt(II) bromate
Cobalt(II) bromide
Cobalt(II) chlorate
Cobalt(II) chloride
Cobalt(II) fluoride
Cobalt(II) fluorosilicate
Cobalt(II) iodate
Cobalt(II) iodide
Cobalt(II) nitrate
Cobalt(II) nitrite
Cobalt oxalate
Cobalt(II) perchlorate
Cobalt(II) sulfate
Copper(I) chloride
Copper(I) cyanide
Copper(I) hydroxide
Copper(I) iodide
Copper(I) sulfide
Copper(I) thiocyanate
Copper(II) bromide
Copper(II) carbonate
Copper(II) chlorate
Copper(II) chloride
Copper(II) chromate
Copper(II) fluoride
Copper(II) fluorosilicate
Copper(II) formate
Copper(II) hydroxide
Copper(II) iodate
Copper(II) nitrate
Copper oxalate
Copper(II) perchlorate
Copper(II) selenate
Copper(II) selenite
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfide
Dysprosium(III) chromate
Erbium(III) hydroxide
Erbium(III) sulfate
Erbium(III) sulfate octahydrate
Europium(III) hydroxide
Europium(III) sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Fructose
Gadolinium(III) acetate
Gadolinium(III) bicarbonate
Gadolinium(III) bromate
Gadolinium(III) hydroxide
Gadolinium(III) sulfate
D-Galactose
Gallium hydroxide
Gallium oxalate
Gallium selenate
Gallium hydroxide
D-Glucose
Gold(III) chloride
Gold(V) oxalate
Hafnium(III) hydroxide
Hafnium(IV) hydroxide
Helium
Holmium(III) hydroxide
Holmium(III) sulfate
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen sulfide
Indium(III) bromide
Indium(III) chloride
Indium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) hydroxide
Indium(III) iodate
Indium(III) sulfide
Iron(II) bromide
Iron(II) carbonate
Iron(II) chloride
Iron(II) fluorosilicate
Iron(II) hydroxide
Iron(II) nitrate
Iron(II) oxalate
Iron(II) perchlorate
Iron(II) sulfate
Iron(III) arsenate
Iron(III) chloride
Iron(III) fluoride
Iron(III) hydroxide
Iron(III) iodate
Iron(III) nitrate
Iron(III) perchlorate
Iron(III) sulfate
Lactose
Lanthanum(III) acetate
Lanthanum(III) bromate
Lanthanum(III) iodate
Lanthanum(III) molybdate
Lanthanum(III) nitrate
Lanthanum(III) selenate
Lanthanum(III) sulfate
Lanthanum(III) tungstate
Lead(II) acetate
Lead(II) azide
Lead(II) bromate
Lead(II) bromide
Lead(II) carbonate
Lead(II) chlorate
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) chromate
Lead(II) ferrocyanide
Lead(II) fluoride
Lead(II) fluorosilicate
Lead(II) hydrogen phosphate
Lead(II) hydrogen phosphite
Lead(II) hydroxide
Lead(II) iodate
Lead(II) iodide
Lead(II) molybdate
Lead(II) nitrate
Lead(II) oxalate
Lead(II) perchlorate
Lead(II) selenate
Lead(II) sulfate
Lead(II) sulfide
Lead(II) tartrate
Lead(II) thiocyanate
Lead(II) thiosulfate
Lead(II) tungstate
Lead(IV) hydroxide
Lithium acetate
Lithium azide
Lithium benzoate
Lithium bicarbonate
Lithium bromate
Lithium bromide
Lithium carbonate
Lithium chlorate
Lithium chloride
Lithium chromate
Lithium dichromate
Lithium dihydrogen phosphate
Lithium fluoride
Lithium fluorosilicate
Lithium formate
Lithium hydrogen phosphite
Lithium hydroxide
Lithium iodide
Lithium molybdate
Lithium nitrate
Lithium nitrite
Lithium oxalate
Lithium perchlorate
Lithium permanganate
Lithium phosphate
Lithium selenide
Lithium selenite
Lithium sulfate
Lithium tartrate
Lithium thiocyanate
Lithium vanadate
Lutetium(III) hydroxide
Lutetium(III) sulfate
Magnesium acetate
Magnesium benzoate
Magnesium bromate
Magnesium bromide
Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chromate
Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium fluorosilicate
Magnesium formate
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium iodate
Magnesium iodide
Magnesium molybdate
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium oxalate
Magnesium perchlorate
Magnesium phosphate
Magnesium selenate
Magnesium selenite
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium thiosulfate
Maltose
D-Mannose
Manganese(II) bromide
Manganese(II) carbonate
Manganese(II) chloride
Manganese(II) ferrocyanide
Manganese(II) fluoride
Manganese(II) fluorosilicate
Manganese(II) hydroxide
Manganese(II) nitrate
Manganese(II) oxalate
Manganese(II) sulfate
Mercury(I) azide
Mercury(I) bromide
Mercury(I) carbonate
Mercury(I) chloride
Mercury(I) chromate
Mercury(I) cyanide
Mercury(I) perchlorate
Mercury(I) sulfate
Mercury(II) acetate
Mercury(II) benzoate
Mercury(II) bromate
Mercury(II) bromide
Mercury(II) chlorate
Mercury(II) chloride
Mercury(II) cyanide
Mercury(II) iodate
Mercury(II) iodide
Mercury(II) oxalate
Mercury(II) sulfide
Mercury(II) thiocyanate
Neodymium(III) acetate
Neodymium(III) bromate
Neodymium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) molybdate
Neodymium(III) nitrate
Neodymium(III) selenate
Neodymium(III) sulfate
Nickel(II) acetate
Nickel(II) bromate
Nickel(II) bromide
Nickel(II) carbonate
Nickel(II) chlorate
Nickel(II) chloride
Nickel(II) fluoride
Nickel(II) formate
Nickel(II) hydroxide
Nickel(II) iodate
Nickel(II) iodide
Nickel(II) nitrate
Nickel oxalate
Nickel(II) perchlorate
Nickel(II) pyrophosphate
Nickel(II) sulfate
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Osmium tetroxide
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Palladium(II) hydroxide
Palladium(IV) hydroxide
Phenol
Platinum(II) hydroxide
Platinum(IV) bromide
Plutonium(III) fluoride
Plutonium(IV) fluoride
Plutonium(IV) iodate
Polonium(II) sulfide
Potassium acetate
Potassium arsenate
Potassium azide
Potassium benzoate
Potassium bromate
Potassium bromide
Potassium hexabromoplatinate
Potassium carbonate
Potassium chlorate
Potassium chloride
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Potassium dichromate
Potassium dihydrogen arsenate
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Potassium ferricyanide
Potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium fluoride
Potassium formate
Potassium hydrogen carbonate
Potassium hydrogen phosphate
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Potassium hydrogen tartrate
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium iodate
Potassium iodide
Potassium metabisulfite
Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrite
Potassium oxalate
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium periodate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium persulfate
Potassium phosphate
Potassium selenate
Potassium sulfate
Potassium tetraphenylborate
Potassium thiocyanate
Potassium thiosulfate
Potassium tungstate
Praseodymium(III) acetate
Praseodymium(III) bromate
Praseodymium(III) chloride
Praseodymium(III) molybdate
Praseodymium(III) nitrate
Praseodymium(III) sulfate
Radium chloride
Radium iodate
Radium nitrate
Radium sulfate
Raffinose
Rubidium acetate
Rubidium bromate
Rubidium bromide
Rubidium chlorate
Rubidium chloride
Rubidium chromate
Rubidium dichromate
Rubidium fluoride
Rubidium fluorosilicate
Rubidium formate
Rubidium hydrogen carbonate
Rubidium hydroxide
Rubidium iodate
Rubidium iodide
Rubidium nitrate
Rubidium perchlorate
Rubidium periodate
Rubidium selenate
Rubidium sulfate
Samarium acetate
Samarium bromate
Samarium chloride
Samarium sulfate
Scandium oxalate
Scandium sulfate
Silicon dioxide
Silver acetate
Silver azide
Silver bromate
Silver bromide
Silver carbonate
Silver chlorate
Silver chloride
Silver chlorite
Silver chromate
Silver cyanide
Silver dichromate
Silver fluoride
Silver nitrate
Silver oxalate
Silver oxide
Silver perchlorate
Silver permanganate
Silver sulfate
Silver vanadate
Sodium acetate
Sodium azide
Sodium benzoate
Sodium borohydride
Sodium bromate
Sodium bromide
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chloride
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium dichromate
Monosodium phosphate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium formate
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium iodate
Sodium iodide
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metaborate
Sodium molybdate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium oxalate
Sodium perchlorate
Sodium periodate
Sodium permanganate
Sodium phosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate
Sodium selenate
Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfite
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate
Sodium tetraborate tetrahydrate
Sodium tetraphenylborate
Sodium thiosulfate
Strontium acetate
Strontium bromate
Strontium bromide
Strontium carbonate
Strontium chlorate
Strontium chloride
Strontium chromate
Strontium fluoride
Strontium formate
Strontium hydroxide
Strontium iodate
Strontium iodide
Strontium molybdate
Strontium nitrate
Strontium selenate
Strontium sulfate
Strontium thiosulfate
Strontium tungstate
Sucrose
Sulfur dioxide
Terbium bromate
Terbium sulfate
Thallium(I) azide
Thallium(I) bromate
Thallium(I) bromide
Thallium(I) carbonate
Thallium(I) chlorate
Thallium(I) cyanide
Thallium(I) fluoride
Thallium(I) hydrogen carbonate
Thallium(I) hydroxide
Thallium(I) iodate
Thallium(I) iodide
Thallium(I) nitrate
Thallium(I) oxalate
Thallium(I) perchlorate
Thallium(I) phosphate
Thallium(I) pyrophosphate
Thallium(I) selenate
Thallium(I) sulfate
Thallium(I) vanadate
Thorium(IV) fluoride
Thorium(IV) iodate
Thorium(IV) nitrate
Thorium(IV) selenate
Thorium(IV) sulfate
Tin(II) bromide
Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) fluoride
Tin(II) iodide
Tin(II) sulfate
Trehalose
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl chloride
Uranyl formate
Uranyl iodate
Uranyl nitrate
Uranyl oxalate
Uranyl sulfate
Urea
Vanadium(V) oxide
Xenon
Xylitol
Xylose
Ytterbium(III) sulfate
Yttrium(III) acetate
Yttrium(III) bromate
Yttrium(III) bromide
Yttrium(III) chloride
Yttrium(III) fluoride
Yttrium(III) nitrate
Yttrium(III) sulfate
Zinc acetate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chlorate
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc fluoride
Zinc formate
Zinc iodate
Zinc iodide
Zinc nitrate
Zinc oxalate
Zinc permanganate
Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfite
Zinc tartrate
Zirconium fluoride
Zirconium sulfate

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table