Zinc perchlorate

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Zinc perchlorate
Names
IUPAC name
Zinc perchlorate
Other names
Zinc(II) perhlorate
Properties
ZnCl2O8
Zn(ClO4)2 (anhydrous)
Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass 264.3 g/mol (anhydrous)
372.38 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance Colorless deliquescent solid
Odor Odorless
Density 2.26 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)[1]
2.933 g/cm3 (anhydrous) (20 °C)[2]
Melting point 105–107 °C (221–225 °F; 378–380 K) (hexahydrate)
262 °C (504 °F; 535 K) (anhydrous)[4]
Boiling point Decomposes
50 g/100 ml (20 °C)[3]
Solubility Soluble in acetonitrile, alcohols, DMSO
Slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
-2,133.77 kJ/mol[6]
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich (hexahydrate)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Zinc chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Zinc perchlorate (Zn(ClO4)2) is a hygroscopic chemical compound, that may be used as oxidizer. It is more commonly encountered as its hexahydrate form, Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O.

Properties

Chemical

Zinc perchlorate decomposes if heated to high temperatures and may explode if heated too strongly.

Physical

Zinc perchlorate is a hygroscopic colorless solid, soluble in water and low weight alcohols.

Availability

It is sold by chemical suppliers.

Preparation

Zinc perchlorate can be prepared by dissolving zinc oxide or carbonate in perchloric acid.

ZnO + 2 HClO4 → Zn(ClO4)2 + H2O
ZnCO3 + 2 HClO4 → Zn(ClO4)2 + H2O + CO2

Do NOT use zinc metal, as the reaction is violent!

The resulting solution is gently heated and the product is recrystallized from the concentrated solution.

Recrystallizing the salt from water yields the hexahydrate form. Anhydrous zinc perchlorate cannot be produced by heating zinc(II) perchlorate hexahydrate, since it decomposes upon heating.

One source indicates that the anhydrous form can be obtained by heating the hexahydrate with triethyl orthoformate, then drying the resulting solid under vacuum. So far this method hasn't been verified.[7]

Projects

  • Source of perchlorates
  • Ignite combustible materials

Handling

Safety

Zinc perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent. In contact with strong acids, it will ignite organic material on contact.

Storage

Zinc perchlorate should be kept in airtight bottles, away from any combustible materials.

Disposal

Can be mixed with a flammable material and ignited.

References

  1. West, C. D.; Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie; vol. 91; (1935); p. 480 - 493
  2. Lyubimova, G. N.; Razumova, A. P.; Rosolovskii, V. Ya.; Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry (Translation of Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii); vol. 28; (1983); p. 1687 - 1688; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 28; (1983); p. 2975 - 2976
  3. Ali, Noorshida Mohd; MacLeod, Voirrey L.; Jennison, Petter; Sazanovich, Igor V.; Hunter, Christopher A.; Weinstein, Julia A.; Ward, Michael D.; Dalton Transactions; vol. 41; nb. 8; (2012); p. 2408 - 2419
  4. Nikitina; Rosolovskii; Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry; vol. 41; nb. 7; (1996); p. 1031 - 1034
  5. White, Mary Anne; Falk, Michael; Journal of Chemical Physics; vol. 84; nb. 6; (1986); p. 3484 - 3490
  6. Kon'Kova; Matyushin; Miroshnichenko; Vorob'Ev; Russian Chemical Bulletin; vol. 58; nb. 5; (2009); p. 896 - 901
  7. Notni, Johannes; Schenk, Stephan; Goerls, Helmar; Breitzke, Hergen; Anders, Ernst; Inorganic Chemistry; vol. 47; nb. 4; (2008); p. 1382 - 1390

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