Ritter
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Selenium, phosphorous & arsenic mustards?
There is a lot of literature on the N, O & S mustard agents. I'm curious as to why there appears to be little or no literature on the title
compounds. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphine is a known compound. Tris(2-chloroethenyl)arsine is Lewisite L3 but what about tris(2-chloroethyl)arsine? And
I'm sure someone has prepared bis(2-chloroethyl)selane to test its properties as a CW agent. I would expect all of these compounds to be toxic but
I've been wrong before!
Ritter
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\"The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.\"
Karl Marx
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ScienceSquirrel
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Don't forget my favourite, sneezing gas 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylchlorarsine
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Ritter
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Here is an interesting historical document: a list of all (?) the candidate vesicant agents tested at Porton Down in the U.K. during WWII: http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F2012484-2472-4B04-8C9D-E3DA7...
I did a fast scan but did not find any of the compounds I was curious about.
Ritter
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\"The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.\"
Karl Marx
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ScienceSquirrel
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Sap of wild parsnip?
Sadly giant hogweed had failed to reach these shores by then.
Bloody horrible stuff!
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Ritter
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| Quote: | Originally posted by ScienceSquirrel
Sap of wild parsnip?
Sadly giant hogweed had failed to reach these shores by then.
Bloody horrible stuff! |
The NY Times on wild parsnip dermal phototoxicity:
| Quote: | . The flowers might belong to any of several common weeds, but wide leaves make me fear your plant could be wild parsnip, Pastinaca sativa.
If so, yes, it would take over, and probably burn you as well. Wild parsnip sap is not dangerous by itself, but when it is on your skin and it is
exposed to ultraviolet light, it destroys skin cells.
Even on cloudy days, the sun provides enough ultraviolet to provoke the reaction, which begins with redness and pain, then raises blisters. Healing
takes place at about the same rate as recovery from other surface burns, but the affected skin often darkens and can remain dark for a year or more.
The burns may not appear until a few days after exposure, so they are often attributed to poison ivy or to an allergic reaction. Brushing against
unbroken plants is safe, and washing up promptly can forestall problems, so wild parsnip's mean side is seldom obvious. But there are few wild plants
less worthy of adoption.
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Ritter
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\"The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.\"
Karl Marx
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ScienceSquirrel
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Giant hogweed be similar stuff, it be, arr
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_hogweed
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Ritter
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| Quote: | Pharmazie. 2000 Aug;55(8):618-20.
Furanocoumarins in Pastinaca sativa L. in vitro culture.
Ekiert H, Gomółka E.
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. mfekiert@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Callus cultures of Pastinaca sativa L. (parsnip), Apiaceae, were cultivated on variants of Linsmaier-Skoog's medium, containing varying
quantities (0.1-10.0 mg/l) of phytohormones: NAA-BAP and IBA-BAP which allowed to obtain 1.5-3-fold fresh biomass growth during 6-week subcultures.
HPLC analyses showed that tissues cultured in vitro produced psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin and umbelliferone
which are well known metabolites in plants growing under natural conditions. Total content of coumarins depended on the nature and quantity of
phytohormones present in the medium, and ranged from 115.7 to 408.5 mg/100 g of the dry weight, isopimpinellin being the metabolite which dominated
quantitatively (maximum content of 238.9 mg/100 g). Psoralen was also accumulated in callus tissues at considerable amounts (maximum content of 108.8
mg/100 g). This metabolite dominated in vegetative plant parts that have been analysed in our study (leaves, stems, roots) but its contents were lower
than in the material from in vitro culture (48.9 mg/100 g 10.6 mg/100 g and 14.9 mg/100 g, respectively). Imperatorin was not detected in callus
tissues although it dominated in the analysed fruits of the studied plant (200.0 mg/100 g). The best of the tested media in respect of promoting
tissue biosynthetic capabilities was that which contained 3 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP. The studies showed that in vitro cultures of Pastinaca
sativa L. can be a convenient model to study the biosynthesis of furanocoumarins and also a potential rich source of these
compounds, particularly isopimpinellin. |
Ritter
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\"The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.\"
Karl Marx
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ScienceSquirrel
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Yuzzem, you chemically toipes jest know about about this book stuff.
But them there giant hogweeds seem to have gone out there and made those substituted furocoumarins for themselves 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furocoumarin
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Sauron
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Going by memory:
There was a professor of chemistry at one of the Florida universities, now deceased, one of their science buildings is named for him. IIRC his name
was Fred Lee Heath. In a short bio I ran across he was described as having been the "father of selenium mustard" in the WWI period.
Based on at least one Ministry of Defense list of proscribed substances, the following were most certainly prepared and evaluated:
Br and I and F analogs of H (sulfur mustard)
Se and Te analogs of H
The arsenicals generally analogous to H were of course the Lewisites. Many other arsenical CW agents were proposed but IIRC not as vesicants per se.
I have never heard of any phosphorus "mustard". Any P analog of H would be pyrophoric and any P analog of HN3 would oxidize to the phosphine oxide.
Ditto for P analogs of the L series.
If you want a nasty vesicant then H is still scary, if you want something more exotic, try phosgene oxime.
My recollection is that the other halogen sulfur mustards were dead ends and so were the Se and Te analogs.
Sic gorgeamus a los subjectatus nunc.
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ScienceSquirrel
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| Quote: | Originally posted by ScienceSquirrel
Yuzzem, you chemically toipes jest know about about this book stuff.
But them there giant hogweeds seem to have gone out there and made those substituted furocoumarins for themselves
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furocoumarin |
On a more sane and sober note I think I should point out that wild parsnip and giant hogweed are moderately closely related species and the genes and
biochemical pathways for the synthesis of furocoumarins are probably similar.
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Morgan
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I was perusing information on this plant because it happened to be mentioned in an article on my news page.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrXlVZ172T8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKMBURu_zig
And there was this article which may or may not be all that important.
"There may be higher quantities of furocoumarins in fresh fruits with peel and pulp than in processed juices."
https://news.brown.edu/articles/2015/06/citrus
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kecskesajt
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Giant hogweed is painful enoung to be a warfare agent 
Last year I had experience with one.
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halogen
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A White man stained himself Black with psoralen in the late 50s, went to the South, and wrote a book about this.
F. de Lalande and M. Prud'homme showed that a mixture of boric oxide and sodium chloride is decomposed in a stream of dry air or oxygen at a red heat
with the evolution of chlorine.
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ave369
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This plant monster is extremely common in Central and Northern Russia, where it is known as "Stalin's revenge". One plant even grows in my garden,
despite my best attempts to get rid of it. Right now I've tried to entomb its roots under an iron drum lid to prevent another iteration of hogweed
growing from them.
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Morgan
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I came across this (inacurate?) article yesterday and it made me wonder if it's the citric acid that does this or if it's something else in the lime
juice or a synergistic combination of the two.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/06/02/ski...
For review
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Physicians have known for a while that compounds called psoralens make skin more sensitive to light exposure.
Psoralens are abundant in citrus fruits. These facts are documented in the scientific literature and are apparent in anecdotes about lime-squeezing
bartenders with sunburned hands or kids with streaks of sunburn matching where a citrus-flavored popsicle dripped down the chin.
https://news.brown.edu/articles/2015/06/citrus
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unionised
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Can we ban Earl grey tea?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot_orange#Toxicology
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Theoretic
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Quote: Originally posted by Morgan  |
I came across this (inacurate?) article yesterday and it made me wonder if it's the citric acid that does this or if it's something else in the lime
juice or a synergistic combination of the two.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/06/02/ski...
For review
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Physicians have known for a while that compounds called psoralens make skin more sensitive to light exposure.
Psoralens are abundant in citrus fruits. These facts are documented in the scientific literature and are apparent in anecdotes about lime-squeezing
bartenders with sunburned hands or kids with streaks of sunburn matching where a citrus-flavored popsicle dripped down the chin.
https://news.brown.edu/articles/2015/06/citrus |
Well, you've answered your own question! It's the psoralens. Citric acid doesn't have the structure to absorb UV light and cause these effects.
Psoralens do, and they also are heavier and greasier, and can stick around in the body.
"kids with streaks of sunburn matching where a citrus-flavored popsicle dripped down the chin"- for some reason makes me think of using with lime
juice on friends asleep in the sun (like a twisted version of doodling with sunblock).
"Potential side effects of drinking large amounts of bergamot oil can include convulsions and death in children."
...
NO! I take it back! I take it all back! Save the childrunz 
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a nitrogen rich explosive
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What's the LD50 of S mustard?
I can't think of a better signature.
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careysub
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About the same as hydrogen cyanide, about 25 mg.
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