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Author: Subject: Nitrate to Nitric Oxide from HCl reaction mechanism
jimmyboy
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[*] posted on 2-5-2010 at 19:17
Nitrate to Nitric Oxide from HCl reaction mechanism


This has been bugging me - under normal circumstances the only common acid that will oxidize and turn a nitrate salt into nitrogen oxides is sulfuric but I have seen a few exceptions with HCl - one described here

http://books.google.com/books?id=yxU5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA286&a...

and I have seen another example using hydrochloric and copper as a catalyst on a video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yE7v4wkuZU

in both reactions the metal salts seem to be reducing the acid leaving the hydrogen to tear the oxygen away from the nitrate

In this special case would it be the combination of a Lewis acid and Hydrochloric being stronger than just one alone that makes this possible? or just the fact that the metal has 2 chloride salts making it possible to free hydrogen from the acid - or maybe the salt is acting as a catalyst for the nitrate ion to bind to in the right position.. any hints?
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[*] posted on 3-5-2010 at 17:45


A little more searching turned this up - Google's translation of German chemistry terms is shoddy at best - if anyone could translate I would appreciate it - it seems to mention a stream of carbon dioxide and hydrogen somewhere in the reaction - "im Wasserstoff- oder Kohlensäure-Strome"


Durch Oxydation der Eisenoxydulsalze. 1. Methode von Pelouze und Fresenius. Die Bestimmung des Ueberschusses an Eisenoxydulsalz geschieht mit Chamäleon; aus der Menge des oxydirten Eisenoxydulsalzes berechnet man die Menge der Salpetersäure,

Ana1ytische Chemie. 3. Aufl. 23

3Fe = NHO3 nach der Gleichung:

3FeCl2 + KNO3 + 4HCl = NO + 3FeCl3 + KCl + 2H2O

In einer (ungefähr 200Ccm. fassenden) Retorte löst man ca. l Gr. Claviersaitendraht in 30—40 Ccm. rauchender Salzsäure im Wasserstoff- oder Kohlensäure-Strome unter Erwärmen auf dem Wasserbade. Wenn alles Eisen gelöst und die Retorte (in dem Gasstrome) abgekühlt ist, öffnet man den Pfropfen und wirft in die Retorte das Röhrchen mit der Substanz (von der man ungefähr so viel nimmt, dass die Menge derselben 0,2 Gr. Salpetersäure entspricht) und verschliesst sogleich wieder. Man erwärmt die Retorte (ca. 1/4 Stunde) auf dem Wasserbade, entfernt sie dann von demselben und erhitzt mit einer Gaslampe bis zum Sieden. Wenn alles Stickstoffoxyd ausgetrieben und die Lösung wieder entfärbt ist, leitet man Kohlensäure ein, entfernt die Lampe und lässt den Apparat in dem Gasstrome erkalten. Nachdem man mit Wasser verdünnt hat, bestimmt man die Menge des nicht oxydirten Eisenoxydules mit Chamäleon auf volumetrischem Wege. Die Berechnung ist verständlich. Wir bemerken, dass der Titer des Chamäleons bei Gegenwart von Salzsäure und unter Beobachtung derselben Bedingungen bezüglich der Concentration der Lösung (in sehr verdünnter Lösung, s. 2. Abtheilung), wie bei der Bestimmung der Salpetersäure selbst, gestellt werden muss. Eine Abänderung des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass man direct die Menge des gebildeten Eisenoxydes durch Titration mit Zinnchlorür bestimmt.
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[*] posted on 13-5-2010 at 12:10


Below is a rendering of the method for oxidation of ferrous to ferric in nitric acid determination from nitrates. Note they are driving out the nitric oxide while doing this oxidation, not collecting it, etc. In another method down further in that reference, the method of Schlösing is based on the same reaction, but the nitric oxide is captured (in a balloon containing water) and is converted to nitric acid by leading in oxygen or through hydrogen peroxide. The obtained dilute nitric acid then titrated with NaOH.

"In a (approximately 200 ccm capacity) retort, 1g of piano wire is dissolved under heating in 30-40ccm fuming hydrochloric acid in a stream of hydrogen or carbon dioxide on a water-bath. After all of the iron has solubilized and the retort (in the gas stream) has cooled, the stopper is opened and a small tube containing the substance (of which one takes approximately so much, as it corresponds to 0.2 g nitric acid) is thrown in and then the retort is closed again. The retort is heated (ca. 1/4 hour) on the water-bath, this is then removed and then heated to boiling with a gas lamp. After all of the nitrogen oxide has been expelled and the solution has again decolorized, then carbon dioxide is bubbled in, the lamp is removed and the apparatus is allowed to cool in the gas stream. After one has diluted with water, the amount of non-oxidized ferrous salt is determined with Chameleon through volumetric means."
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