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nitro-genes
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Thanks for the patent, the dinitro acetaminophenol/H2SO4 solution was almost brown/black/red in colour and was put in the fridge, nothing has
crystallized out yet. I'll check it tomorrow, about to hit the sack. 
[Edit] suddenly remebered that picramic acid is soluble in h2s04, after caustic soda (main part) and sodium bicarbonate neutralization a rustbrown
powder was obtained, it is more brownish red as opposed to picramic acid which is more red than brown, with sodium hydroxide the colour is an amazing
deep red, with hint of violet. Will do the diazotisation tomorrow, as its drying now. Also will make some pictures :-)
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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Yes pictures are good and keep careful notes.
Here's some insight into the chemistry involved.
There are some subtleties involved about the color transitions involving the behavior as a dye indicator for pH observed for picramic acid or
isopicramic acid. These amino acids like glycine, (aminoacetic acid) can function both as cation with a stronger acid to form a salt like glycine
nitrate, or can function as an acid anion with a more basic cation to form a salt like sodium aminoacetate. That's amphoterism. The aminoacid can
form a salt going or coming, can be the locomotive or the caboose.  Or it can
stand alone neat as the free aminoacid.
So there are 3 distinct forms in which we can see the aminoacid appear. Depending on the conditions, all of the aminoacid may be present as one
distinct form, or as more than one form in mixture. The color changes and conditions can identify which of the 3 forms is present at the time when
only one form should exist, defined by the conditions.
The dye indicator property usually applies to the picramate or isopicramate salt when a base is the cation and the picramate or isopicramate is the
anion, for example sodium picramate or sodium isopicramate. To the limit of their solubility such salts function as powerful intensely colored dyes,
more intensely colored in the more basic range and fading to the more pale color of the free aminoacid when the base cation is displaced by a stronger
mineral acid, when that base migrates and associates with that stronger acid, leaving the lower solubility and less intensely colored picramic or
isopicramic acid as the free aminoacid in the solution, probably in part precipitating as a solid residue, due to low solubility in the solution which
is becoming increasingly acidic with the mineral acid.
However as the mineral acidity increases further, the free aminoacid being amphoteric can also function as a cation in association with a stronger
acid than itself, and begins to dissolve and probably exhibit a different order color change as
for example occurs with formation of isopicramic sulfate, which will remain in solution even after being diluted, and will not return to free
isopicramic acid and precipitate, until acted upon by a base to associate with the stronger acid and displace it.
How the color change occurs in this second scheme where the amphoteric isopicramic sulfate forms increasingly soluble and concentrated solution is
something I do not know. So you will have to "ball park" guess what are your neutralization equivalents based on how much of what strong acid/s you
are using and undershoot the bulk neutralization and titrate manually to produce the color changes and precipitations which should be logical when you
observe.
The attached (again) article from Chemical World describes the de-benzoylation procedure which is possibly applicable also to the de-acetylation. It
describes a spot test used to monitor the progress of the reaction by solubility on dilution of a sample and this may be a useful test also for the
deacetylation.
Because of the volatility of acetic acid the de-acetylation will likely proceed more easily than the de-benzoylation.
A vacuum and/or passing through a bubbler inert gas, or riskier ordinary air might help strip away the volatile acetic acid and speed up the
de-acetylation.
Earlier I speculated that this compound may be an example of "lost art" that has been gathering dust for a hundred years and has become an academic
obscurity, and I think that's right. But I also think this iso-DDNP could be an oldie but a goodie.
The iso-DDNP may prove superior in significant ways to the usual DDNP in both explosive properties and storage stability. For example in thermal
stability tests at just above the BP of H2O, 110C, the iso-DDNP has 6 times the stability of the usual DDNP. At lower temperatures more consistent
with natural environmental storage temperature ranges, the iso-DDNP could easily be dozens or more times storage stable than the usual DDNP. If the
initiating properties are also better as expected for the iso-DDNP, then it can be appreciated how the iso-DDNP would be the superior initiator.
Also speculated earlier about the potential for a mixed isomer cocrystallization with the better known DDNP, and am still intrigued what may occur
there as a potential for better crystalline form and density, and potential improved properties if such a mixed isomer crystal does form.
AFAIK there is nothing in the literature about this, and very little about the iso-DDNP either.
So this is follow up experimental "re" search with some new aspects as a bonus and it also involves a green energetic.
Attachment: Pages from The_Chemical_world pg327.pdf (247kB)
This file has been downloaded 511 times
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
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Yes, I wonder whether the dinitroacetaminophenol formed may also be amphoteric, maybe one of the reasons why neutralization of the entire nitration
mix is performed according to several papers and patents, although it does seem to precipitate out when crashed in water as an yellow/orange solid.
Another thing that may be beneficial in neutralizing is that when the nitration mix is crashed on ice, some NO2 is formed, maybe due to decomposition
of nitrosylsulfuric acid formed during nitration analogous to the syynthesis of picric acid, which may oxidize part of the product. After crashing in
ice it may be beneficial to leave the nitration/ide mix for some time with vigorous stirring to get rid of it ASAP. Acetaminophen itself is incredibly
sensitive to NOx oxidation, the formed NO2 after crashing in crushed ice oxidized small remaining acetaminophen from the weighing container it was in,
which was 30 cm's away, forming a deep red colouration.
The deacetylation when performed in sulfuric acid has another benefit, most of the remaining stuff extracted from the paracetamol tablets seems
insoluble in the deacetylation mix and can easily be filtered out.
If p-DDNP is superior to o-DDNP in almost every aspect, I do wonder why this is not used on larger scale, DDNP is almost exclusively used and
researched in China for example, the existence of p-DDNP and it's properties must be known and studied, can there be a catch or is large scale
production of p-DDNP less feasible?
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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The acetylated isopicramic acid obtained directly from nitration of the paracetamol could very possibly be amphoteric also. Good point. Given your
observation that the acetylated isopicramic acid precipitates from the diluted nitration mixture which is very strongly acidic for its unreacted
sulfuric acid content, it is indicated however that any amphoterism would be very much lower for the acetylated isopicramic acid, than has been
reported as a distinct property of the deacetylated isopicramic acid which readily forms a soluble sulfate.
You will learn by observation during the reactions and manipulations what are the visual "markers" that may be indicators of progress of the
reactions. Temperatures are included markers usually for where things are going and when effective endpoints have arrived.
There are Chinese followers of this forum so I would expect they are looking at this iso-DDNP now if they haven't already done the research. The cost
for the iso-DDNP production may be a little more, but the quality may offset the cost.
It could come down to simple economics where only costs alone are governing.
During the past years when many manufactured items available in the world are coming from China as a result of the massive industrialization there, it
has been for me a mixture of admiration for the technology and quality for some things, and a displeasure for other things where slight changes could
greatly improve the durability and serviceability for equipment that has been deliberately made "disposable" and difficult or impossible to maintain
or service or repair, so that disposal and replacement has been made necessary. That is my "pet gripe" about the "progress" represented by some
designs for more expensive manufactured goods from China. In fairness however it seems to be a global trend, and is definitely not an ecologically
sound "design strategy" but is a greed motivated kind of "engineering". This should never be a design strategy applied to appliances or vehicles, to
make difficult their maintenance or repair, but it has sadly become the routine to encounter such design and engineering being deliberately
implemented by various product manufacturers. It may serve company profits to implement such designs but it is detrimental to the consumers and to
the environment. There, I've said my piece. Engineers have a kind of ethical credo, just like medical doctors. First do no harm.
The few reported properties of the iso-DDNP definitely look promising. If it does simply detonate from heat instead of requiring a larger mass to
undergo a DDT like is the case for the usual DDNP, that would tend to make it much more efficient as an initiator. The improved stability could also
make it useful as a component in ammunition primers, depending upon the sensitivity and crystalline form. The economics involve more than just the
difference in costs for the two isomers purely on a weight basis.
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
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Redid the synthesis today, only double the amounts and without neutralization
Photo 1: 20 grams of ethanol extracted acetaminophen was added to 120g 98% H2SO4 and heated to 70 degrees for 15 minutes to dissolve and sulfonate
yielding a golden caramel brown solution
Photo 2: 24 grams of AN was dissolved in 60 grams of H2SO4, cooled to below 0 deg C and slowly added to the SA/Acetaminophen while keeping temperature
between 5-10 deg C. Halfway through the nitration a deep yellow/red, almost black solution was obtained
Photo 3: After all of the AN/SA was added, the nitration mix returned to an orange/brown colour
Photo 4: The nitration mix was crashed in ice/water and fut in the fridge. After settling the dinitro acetaminophen settled to the bottom of the
beaker as yellow/orange solid
Photo 5: After filtering and washing three times with cold water, the product was transfered to a beaker containing 50 ml 98% H2SO4 and 50 ml of water
Photo 6: The beaker was put on the hotplate while stirring and heated to a temperature just below the boiling temperature of the water/SA solution
(120 deg. C)
Photo 7: Deactelyation after 45 minutes, very pronounced acetic acid smell, solotion turned a very deep orange/brown
Next, After cooling the solution was neutrailized using cooled NaOH solution and bicarbonate, precipitating a large amount of rust brown powder
(forget to take picture, srry ) The colour during neutralization changes very
suddenly and dramatically when the pH comes below a certain point. The difference really is a few drops of bicarbonate solution, amazing to see :-)
Photo 8: final yield after drying, 20.3 grams of putative isopicramic acid.
The staining power of this compound appears even stronger than that of o-picramic acid. Producing a deep red with blueish tone in basic solution. Less
than 1 mg under basic conditions produces a very strong colour in a glass full of water. When strongly diluted, the colour almost becomes in between
purple and pink.
The isopicramic acid was diazotized according to COPAE method and is drying now :-)
       
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Hennig Brand
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Very nice, I would be really interested in seeing the results from some explosive tests if you do them.
"A risk-free world is a very dull world, one from which we are apt to learn little of consequence." -Geerat Vermeij
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nitro-genes
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Well, the p-DDNP is dry, I dried it over a hot waterbath. It flashed pretty fast, but not as fast as the o-DDNP I made and leaves more residue.
Because of this I suspected that the isolated isopicramic acid was made up of multiple compounds, and Irecrysallized the isopicramic acid from
ethanol. It crystallized very peculiar, like small spherical goblets attached to each other, which may be another indication that some other impurity
is present, as can also be seen from the picture (yellow and red stuff). There are several probabilities, 1 is that simply deacetylation was
incomplete, the colour of the impurity resembles that of dinitro acetaminophenol, although reheating part of it with SA produced no smell of acetic
acid. Whatever it is, unforntunately it co-crystallizes with the isopicramic acid, also seems so with the second crop of crystals although much less.
Other possibillitites are that the nitration produced a mix of mono and dinitro compunds, partly oxidized stuff resulted from the nitration, the
deacetylation may have been to rigourous resulting in decomposition or some stuff from the tablets is still present. (Although the latter is unlikely
IMO) Anyway, close, but no cigar.
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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nitro-genes
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The second crop looked better, I've again did the diazotisation (this time using sulfuric acid since it is stronger and partly solubilizes the
isopicramic acid, this DDNP is faster than with COPAE method for isopicramic acid. It could also be that p-DDNP needs more strong diazotisation
conditions than o-DDNP. Anyway, this stuff does indeed seem faster than o-DDNP! When 1/8 of a match head is heated it makes a fast pop rather than
flashing like o-DDNP does in minute quantities, also the flame colour of the p-DDNP seams more bright so to speak. I'll make a comparison video of the
p- and o-DDNP when dropped on a heated hotplate and ignited and also see the difference in ignition temperature. The larger batches need to dry first.
I'll keep somewhat in sunlight to see light sensitivity and in contact with some metals and maybe weight loss at different temperatures in the oven,
impact, friction tests etc... Also indeed a brisance test in 10-500 mg amounts like Henning brand suggested would be nice to do, although the first
(but more boring) thing to do would be to optimize all the steps of the synthesis. The yield could definitely be improved for this synthesis, I wish I
had dried and weighed the dinitroacetaminophenol intstead of directly going for the decetylation, it could shed some light on where there may be
improvements in the synthesis. Cool stuff! :-)
[Edited on 19-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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nitro-genes
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Bad quality o-DDNP from some experimental crystallization techniques, I didn't want to do the synthesis again. Still... p-DDNP is much faster! Both
are 50 mg amounts the left is o-DDNP ignition, the right the p-DDNP. By the sound of the flash I would say that the p-DDNP wouldn't need much more
unconfined to make DDT. Wow, nice!
Attachment: o-DDNP and p-DDNP.avi (3.2MB)
This file has been downloaded 809 times
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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Hmmm.....this is looking promising. The iso-DDNP seems to have more pop. Probably has a lower critical mass for going high order.
Interesting. I think the process might be refined.
20.3 grams is a 77% yield which should be over 90% so something is off.
Your mole weights are as follows: paracetamol 151.16 acetylisopicramic acid 241.16 and isopicramic acid 199.12
One thing I suggest changing is the initial step of heating to sulfonate the paracetamol. There could be a couple of issues possible for doing that.
Deacetylation early could occur and if the acetyl group is protective of the amino during nitration, losses could occur. Also the displacement of a
sulfonate may not occur during mild nitration conditions. I suspect the paracetamol may be vulnerable to oxidation losses during nitration similarly
as is resorcinol.
I didn't check to see if you adjusted the H2SO4 amount to account for part of the H2SO4 getting expended to make the HNO3 content in situ. The patent
used azeotropic or about 60% HNO3 so there is some H2O content included there also, but what effect or benefit it may have is an unknown. A little
extra H2SO4 even beyond that being expended for the HNO3 should be used to better accomplish the same effect of the mixed acids and keep closer the
solids content of the reaction mixture.
Your first synthesis reported in the other thread is more keeping with the process of GB24409 and US3641154
Try to copy the patent conditions and see if it cleans up the end product, by possibly improving the intermediates.
The diazotization conditions controlled in the same way of producing the more dense and coarse variant of DDNP may also benefit the iso-DDNP.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
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Yes I was aware of the other reported syntheses where no sulfonation step is performed, however, several of the patents I found actually start with
the sulfonic acid derivative of acetaminophen, this most likely rules out the possibility that the sulfonic acid group is not displaced during
nitration. Deacetylation due to the sulfonation step is not happening, I took whiffs of smell during the sulfonation step and did not smell any acetic
acid at all (smelling is bad practice I know, but very informative sometimes). I noticed that without some heat applied, very little acetaminophen
will actually dissolve in the SA, or maybe I should have just been more patient. If you look at the pictures, the solution above the dinitro
acetaminophen after crashing in ice and settling, is really orange. I suspect that this is the main culprit of the lower yield, but does not explain
the other compound that is present. In fact, when the nitrating mix was neutralized yesterday, very near neutralization the solution went almost
clear, I think part of the dinitro acetaminophenol is just soluble in the nitration/water mix maybe due to its amphoteric character, even when cooled
below 0 deg C.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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Please share the patents you are seeing report this.
It may be the holding time was too short for the nitration. Slow is how these nitration can go at lower temperatures. And it can help to have a brief
time at a warmer temperature to finish the nitration, but it also may introduce an additional nitro group.
EDIT: I should correct my earlier speculation about the introduction of a third nitro group being possible with a warmer or stronger nitration
mixture when paracetamol is being nitrated. Meldola reportedly performed experiments to produce a trinitro variant and found it was NOT possible to
further nitrate the acetyl derivative of isopicramic acid beyond the dinitro compound.
Therefore there is no advantage and could be disadvantage for nitration schemes that would more aggressively nitrate paracetamol at the risk of
producing oxidation byproducts, probably resinous and troublesome unwanted materials, as an impurity.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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Hennig Brand
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The p-DDNP did seem to have more pop, however, I don't think either of those samples of DDNP in the video burned very cleanly. The o-DDNP I tested
burned very cleanly leaving only a thin grey smoky coating on paper. It deflagrated in much the same way as mercury fulminate does making a loud whomp
type sound. It is a little hard to tell from the video, but it looks like both samples are fairly impure.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Hennig Brand]
"A risk-free world is a very dull world, one from which we are apt to learn little of consequence." -Geerat Vermeij
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nitro-genes
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It is known that DDNP does not make DDT unconfined unless more than a few grams or so are ignited. Impure or not, I'm positive that 100-150 mg of the
p-DDNP would have made DDT.
Maybe you could make a video of 50 mg of your DDNP on white paper, just curious how much faster DDNP is when completely clean, would be a nice
comparison. Maybe I should recrystallize the DDNP like you did to get rid of the
sublimated sulfur contamination from the S/vaselin heating, maybe that would clean things up
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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The ammonium salt of the acetylisopicramic acid has low solubility in cold water and good solubility in hot water and can be used for initial
purification by recrystallization.
From this information it may be known that sulfonation is not required, nor is sulfuric acid. Paracetamol may be dissolved in the minimum amount of
glacial acetic acid and nitrated in the cold maintained by an ice bath, gradually adding a nitrating mixture containing twice the amount of theory of
d 1.5 HNO3 diluted with twice its volume of glacial acetic acid. The nitration completes in the cold in a few hours.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
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yes, acetaminophen is very soluble in glacial acetic acid as opposed to cold SA, I've found no listings of incompatibilities for acetaminophen with
concentrated sulfuric acid nor did I have any indication for this during the synthesis. Acetylation of salicylic acid is generally performed using
acetic anhydride with H2SO4 catalyst at 100 degrees, although this is more dilute though. I'm pretty sure that the decreased yield is either from the
nitration or from only partial precipitation after crashing in ice. Next time I will save the filtrate and neutralize this to see how much is left in
here. Maybe using only -20 cold ice to crash the mixture in will also precipitate more. I added substantially more water/ice than anticipited to keep
the mixture below 10 deg C upon dilution, which is also a probable cause of yield loss. The ammonium salt may be a good alternative for
recrystallization from water as opposed to ethanol, thanks!
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Hennig Brand
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I never noticed that much sublimed sulfur made it past the first bit of the steel delivery tube at the generator end. Notice that I happened to be
running the H2S generator outside in winter as well and IIRC the ambient temperature and consequently the delivery tube temperature were normally
around -10C. I don't have any DDNP made at the moment, but I do have 20g or so of sodium picramate in storage so I could make some easily. You are
doing some interesting work and I wasn't trying to take it from you, but there looked to be some pretty heavy particulate combustion residue in the
video, however it was a bit hard to tell for sure.
You are right, it may just take a little more mass for the p-DDNP to make DDT.
"A risk-free world is a very dull world, one from which we are apt to learn little of consequence." -Geerat Vermeij
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Rosco Bodine
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You mean less mass for the p-DDNP to DDT? (as compared with o-DDNP?) See edit below regarding this
The o-DDNP is the more commonly known DDNP isomer from picramic acid, the 2-amino 4,6 dinitrophenol.
The 2 position amino or later diazo is ortho to the 1 position phenol hydroxyl, therefore the "ortho" designation for o-DDNP which is the usual DINOL
or common DDNP
The p-DDNP is the more stable and sassier isomer from isopicramic acid, the 4-amino 2,6 dinitrophenol
The 4 position amino or later diazo is para to the 1 position phenol hydroxyl, therefore the "para" designation for p-DDNP which is the iso-DDNP
EDIT: I now undersatnd what you mean as not comparative of the ortho and para compounds but just referring to the one sample weight for the p-DDNP
which was tested for ignition effect at 50mg .....saying that three times the amount would likely high order.....meaning a "little more" weight for
the sample would likely DDT.
I will leave my description for the structure anyway for others who may also need the clarification.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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Hennig Brand
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Well he said above, in the description with the video, that he felt the p-DDNP was close to making DDT and that a little larger charge mass may have
made it so it would have. I see that what I wrote could be a bit ambiguous if the earlier comment was not noticed.
"A risk-free world is a very dull world, one from which we are apt to learn little of consequence." -Geerat Vermeij
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Rosco Bodine
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I understand. My earlier post was edited, but I am leaving the description for the isomers for possible usefulness to others. There is actually at
least one more isomer of DDNP reported, but we can save that one for later and not derail this more interesting discussion for what is probably the
best of 3 known isomers.
From what I have gleaned from the literature, this p-DDNP should prove superior to the o-DDNP. If nothing else it is an alternative initiator at
least as good as o-DDNP and is possible to synthesize from a commonly available precursor which is paracetamol. No reduction of a nitro compound is
required to produce the amino acid precursor for diazotization, which simplifies things in that regard.
The synthesis from paracetamol should not present any unsolvable difficulty. But there are probably details and refinements for the manipulations
which may be worked out to optimize the procedure. It is already known that the end product purity has great bearing on the performance of the
material, so it can be expected that fine tuning of the synthesis should lead to a better performance for the highly pure end product, and that
crystalline form and density may be important also.
The reactions which are known for DDNP to produce azide and tetrazeno type derivatives could also be investigated to see if the p-DDNP analogues have
better performance.
A eutectic low mp mixture forms for picric acid and o-DDNP and may likewise occur for p-DDNP. What may be the effect with styphnic acid is not known,
but such mixtures could result in a more sensitive, more powerful mixture for a base charge in compound detonators.
A possible candidate solvent, other than acetone, for purification of DDNP is nitromethane, to which might be dropwise added methanol or toluene or
xylene or naphtha as a solubility decreaser to cause gradual slow crystallization forming larger crystals instead of a crash precipitation of small
crystals as a low bulk density material, as would be obtained from a diazotization where crystal growth does not occur unless the diazotization is
optimized for crystal development.
On a lighter note. It occurred to me that the nanny state regulators of hobby chemistry experimenters are presented with a kind of double whammy
migraine for the proposition of p-DDNP from over the counter acetaminophen. As if ordinary aspirin isn't already a concern as a "strategic raw
material" hmmm.....now here comes tylenol as another "headache remedy" 
The reaction of extra special agent Gumby charged with the official duty of tracking unauthorized off label use from diversion of benign OTC
materials is probably something like this
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
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NP, I was not after a whose ding-dong is bigger discussion, is was genuine interest because I've never seen videos of DDNP ignited on white paper,
which is very revealing and the exact reason I did it this way . I don't know
how very pure DDNP flashes, so this would be really interesting to see. The DDNP I produced flashes very similar to other DDNP videos I've seen
though.
I'm not doing anything with larger charges anymore, so I never really got a good reason to make my DDNP very pure by recrystallization for example.
Moreover, this is tough because any residual sulfur forms an incredibly fine precipitate which is almost impossible to filter IMO. If you could make a
movie of a 50 mg amount flashing on white paper that would be really appreciated, seriously. I thought about doing the sulfur/vaselin heating, but was
afraid of the sulfur sublimate contaminating the NaOH solution, which would result in a bright orange solution instead of pale yellow for normal Na2S
solutions.
I'll make a new movie clip since I produced both o-DDNP and p-DDNP exactly the same way for a better comparison, the colour from the p-DDNP is almost
the same, although is has a slightly more purple/pink tint to it. Also planning to make some dextrinated pellets, like Rosco suggested earlier, to see
whether the compressed p-DDNP is able to make DDT. Regarding the synthesis from acetaminophen, the optimization of the synthesis from AN/SA really
requires a lot of effort since there a several steps involved and the starting material is a complex mix of all kinds of stuff. For all I know it may
be that a certain brand of paracetamol tablets produces less impurities from ethanol extraction, although it may be that the nitration using AN
requires different conditions and reaction times indeed, or maybe deacteylation of the dinitro acetaminophenol requires a different protocol. If more
people could perform the synthesis and share their experiences that would be great!
This has so much potential and possible follow up experiments that it is impossible for one person to do anyway.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
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There are alternatives to H2S generation which do not involve thermal cracking of hydrocarbons. Simply treating with H2SO4 a "lime sulfur" or sodium
polysulfide produced from NaOH and sulfur will evolve H2S which can be bubbled into an NaOH solution, tracking the neutralization by weight gain for
the vessel containing the solution being neutralized. The free sulfur byproduct stays in the H2S gas generator and does not sublime at ordinary
temperature. I think there were several schemes described earlier for producing the sulfide reducing agent.
And there are alternative schemes for reduction that involve no sulfur at all.
@nito-genes I am predicting that Hennig is going to require a new witness plate.
A random musing kind of thought is that either isomer DDNP might make an interesting third component in AP putty.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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nitro-genes
International Hazard
Posts: 1048
Registered: 5-4-2005
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The "standard" so to say to generate H2S gas on a lab scale is to use FeS, it can possibly be very simply produced from heating sulfur and steelwool,
or maybe ground up steelwool. No other gasses would be produced upon dripping in acid to produce free H2S, wanted to try this sometime, only in more
oxygen-free environment to prevent formation of iron sulfate by oxidation from the air. :-) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxAeQneITNA
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by nitro-genes]
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Rosco Bodine
Banned
Posts: 6370
Registered: 29-9-2004
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Mood: analytical
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Amalgamated aluminum dropped into a xylene solution of sulfur might produce Aluminum Sulfide which need only be treated with H2O to produce H2S. I
just pulled that experimental synthesis off the top of my head from thin air, so don't ask for references.
This might not work because of the tug of war between the aluminum and the mercury for the sulfur, which could deactivate the amalgam by forming
mercury sulfide. I'm not sure but it is possible the mercury would combine and deactivate the amalgam.
[Edited on 20-5-2015 by Rosco Bodine]
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PHILOU Zrealone
International Hazard
Posts: 2893
Registered: 20-5-2002
Location: Brussel
Member Is Offline
Mood: Bis-diazo-dinitro-hydroquinonic
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2 Al +3 S -flame-> Al2S3 + heat
Al2S3 + 3 H2O --> Al2O3 + 3 H2S
Al2S3 + 6 H2O --> 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2S
Fe + S -flame-> FeS + heat
FeS + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2S
PH Z (PHILOU Zrealone)
"Physic is all what never works; Chemistry is all what stinks and explodes!"-"Life that deadly disease, sexually transmitted."(W.Allen)
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