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menchaca
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Ni from coins
i hope you arent tired of my and my continius questions but how cani get NI from the coins?
Well i dont need it as a metal i just need to separte it from the other metal as Cu,Fe,Co..etc
i supused it could be attaked with acids but im not sure about how separate Ni++ from the other ions
thanks a lot for your patience
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madscientist
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I've actually made efforts at isolating nickel from American nickels (which are made from a 25% Ni, 75% Cu alloy).
The first experiment was placing nickels in 37% HCl solution, as Ni metal reacts with HCl while Cu metal does not. After a week, I merely had a pale
greenish solution. The reaction obviously was proceeding ridiculously slow. A few days later, a crack mysteriously developed in the beaker, and the
contents leaked out. So that was the end of that experiment. The next experiment involved adding nickels to a solution of 27.5%
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Bubbles streamed from the coins, and the
solution soon turned blue-green. I left it on the lab bench unattended for about an hour. Upon my return, I found blue-green solution strewn
everywhere - all over the bench, my notes, the wall, and the floor. I donned my chemical warfare suit (nickel salts are very toxic!) and spent an hour cleaning up the mess. I moved onto dissolving nickels in 70%
HNO<sub>3</sub>. At the initial reaction temperature of -10C, essentially nothing was happening. Upon gentle warming, though, the reaction
started, billowing NO<sub>2</sub> for several minutes, yielding blue-green crystals and solution. I then realized that aqua regia would be
a good way to lower the amount of valuable 70% HNO<sub>3</sub> I would have to use, and so gave that a whirl. Six nickels (30g) were added
to a solution composed of 13mL 70% HNO<sub>3</sub> and 50mL 37% HCl. As with dissolving in straight HNO<sub>3</sub>, the
reaction proceeded exceedingly slowly until it was gently warmed (all of these experiments were being done outside, in -20C weather). The reaction was
very exothermic and likely would have begun boiling violently had it not been for the cooling effect of the cold weather. A blue-green foam formed as
the temperature rose past 50C. At 90C, the temperature leveled off, the blue-green foamed vanished suddenly, and a solution which appeared almost
brownish remained. I boiled down the solution (leaving brownish crystals), added water (became blue-green), and then boiled for at least an hour with
17.1g Cu metal (to convert soluble cupric salts to insoluble cuprous saIts). After filtration, the copper wire weighed 16.5g, meaning that very little
cupric salt was converted to cuprous salt. I soon learned that the reason for this trouble was the fact that nitrate ions were in solution,
destabilizing cuprous cations. Cuprous nitrate is soluble, so it decomposes quickly in aqueous solution; cuprous chloride is not soluble, so it
doesn't decompose in aqueous solution (at an appreciable rate, that is). I then boiled 44mL concentrated
H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with 10 nickels until all of the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was gone.
Very little of the nickels were dissolved. I proceeded to try dissolving six nickels in a solution prepared by adding 36g NaNO<sub>3</sub>
to 100mL 37% HCl. The reaction proceeded similarily to the one previously mentioned, except it was considerably less exothermic - meaning it was much
easier to control. I added an excess of NaOH solution, precipitating insoluble cupric hydroxide and nickelous hydroxide (small amounts of black
nickelic hydroxide, the trivalent cation, were noted). The precipitate was washed with concentrated NaOH, in hope that cupric cations (which are
soluble in strong alkaline solution, while nickelous/nickelic cations are not) would be washed out, leaving only the nickelous and nickelic
hydroxides. The concentrated NaOH solution used for washing became only a pale blue, so I concluded that NaOH washing was not an effective method of
isolating nickel.
And that's as far as I've gotten. Right now, I think the best method would be dissolving the coins in NaNO<sub>3</sub>/HCl
solution, precipitating insoluble hydroxides with addition of NaOH solution; converting to chlorides with HCl, then boiling with Cu metal,
precipitating insoluble cuprous chloride; then finally filtering out the insoluble cuprous chloride, leaving a solution of nickel chloride.
I weep at the sight of flaming acetic anhydride.
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Darkfire
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Whats so great about nickle?
CTR
\"I love being alive and will be the best man I possibly can. I will take love wherever I find it and offer it to everyone who will take it. I
will seek knowledge from those wiser and teach those who wish to learn from me.\" Duane Allman
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Organikum
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Yes you can extract the nickel electrolytically from the coins, also the actual US nickles are a bad source. There are older nickle coins (canadian?
ask a numismatic) which consist from quite pure Ni alone - a far better start I guess.
Start and aim all in one are special Ni welding rods for cast iron which consist of 99,98% Ni. (there is some protecting stuff covering the NI which
is easy to break away).
Darkfire: Ni/Pd/Pt. Have a looka t hte periodic table and you will see. Also Ni looks nice and doesn´t rust. Most important is of course the fact
that it exists. Who needs more reasons? 
ORG
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Ramiel
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Hotblack
If you alloy 13 moles of Nickel with two of phosphorus, and etch it with Nitric Acid, you may be surpsised to get (if you did it right) Black. Not
ordinary matte black, not even metallica T-shirt black. This is the process ( recently patented ) to give a black up to 1000 times more black than any
previous blacks. It is super-absorbant of light because the etching creates a 'mountanous' surface which just locks in the light.
Well, that's why I want pure Ni... I thought that was a pretty good reason.
Caveat Orator
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Blind Angel
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Hey i want more info on this procedure, it interest me a lot. Also more propertie (like if it can be used as a paint) would be appreciate.
P.S. I stille looking for my numistmatic kit, but i think canadian nickel are 75% nickel
Edit: Here are the info for all the canadian coin (now circulating) if you have a lot too much (you can send me some too you know  ):
2$: The outer ring of the two dollar coin is nickel and the inner core is aluminum bronze (92% copper, 6% aluminum, 2% nickel).
1$: The one dollar coin is made of aureate bronze plated on pure nickel.
50¢: The fifty cent coin was made of nickel from 1968 until 2000, when its composition was changed to nickel plated steel (93.15% steel, 4.75%
copper, 2.1% nickel).
25¢: The twenty-five cent coin was made of nickel from 1968 until 2000, when its composition was changed to nickel plated steel (94% steel, 3.8%
copper, 2.2% nickel).
10¢: The ten cent coin was made of nickel from 1968 until 2000, when its composition was changed to nickel plated steel (92% steel, 5.5% copper, 2.5%
nickel).
5¢: The five cent coin was made of cupro-nickel (75% copper and 25% nickel) from 1982 until 2000, when its composition was changed to nickel plated
steel (94.5% steel, 3.5% copper, 2% nickel).
1¢: Today's one cent coin, modified in 2000, is made of copper plated steel (94% steel, 1.5% nickel, 4.5% copper). From 1997 until 2000, it was
made of copper plated zinc. Prior to 1997 the one cent coin was 98% copper, 1.75% zinc and .25% other metals
Here are those for the US:
1$: .885 copper .06 zinc . .035 manganese .02 nickel
50¢: clad coinage: .750 copper and .250 nickel bonded to an inner core of pure copper
25¢: clad coinage: .750 copper and .250 nickel bonded to an inner core of pure copper
10¢: clad coinage: .750 copper and .250 nickel bonded to an inner core of pure copper
5¢: .750 copper .250 nickel
1¢: 992 zinc .008 copper
Going for the euro
(sorry no precise quantity):
2€: Outer part: copper-nickel; inner part: three layers: nickel brass, nickel, nickel brass
1€: Outer part: nickel brass; inner part: three layers: copper-nickel, nickel, copper-nickel
50¢: Nordic gold (huh?)
20¢: Nordic gold
10¢: Nordic gold
5¢: Copper-covered steel
2¢: Copper-covered steel
1¢: Copper covered steel
fiou long post, hope it help though
[Edited on 25-3-2003 by Blind Angel]
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Microtek
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NiS does not precipitate below about Ph 0.4 but CuS does, so adjust the acidity to about this level ( calculations ) and add H2S soln ( poisonous ).
Cu will precipitate ( along with any Cd, Pb, Hg ) as insoluble sulfide.
The insolubles are removed by filtration, and the filtrate is basified with NaOH which precipitates Ni(OH)2.
Presumably, this could be roasted in air to form NiO and H2O.
NiO can be reduced with CO at high temps.
A rather exotic method exists for purification of the nickel: It is reacted with CO at 60 C to form Ni(CO)4 which has a boiling point of only 43 C (
and is highly poisonous ). This gas is drained off from the impurities, and heated to 200 C which reverses the reaction: Ni(CO)4 -200C-> Ni + 4 CO
Maybe you could grind down the coins and use this process....
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madscientist
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The coins are Cu/Ni alloys though; and Cu/Ni alloy requires higher pressures/temperatures for the formation of nickel carbonyl to occur. 
I weep at the sight of flaming acetic anhydride.
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Blind Angel
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Most pre-2000 canadian coin are made from pure nickel as i saw there still a
chance that we can get pure nickel from them. But, isn't nickel easy to obtains OTC ???
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Marvin
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Quote "Ni(CO)4 -200C-> Ni + 4 CO
Maybe you could grind down the coins and use this process...."
NononononoNONONONONO DON'T DO THIS. Not even outside.
'Highly poisonous' works well for, CO, H2S or HCN but it doesnt begin to cover how nasty nickel carbonyl is.
Acceptable levels of CO in the work place are of the order of 50ppm with lethal levels being only 1 order above this.
Acceptable levels of nickel carbonyl are of the order 0.001ppm. Odour threshold is around 1ppm.
There are no ways of handling this stuff outside a very well equipped laboratory.
If you want to remove copper from a nickel solution, add iodide, and you'll get iodine in solution, and a ppt of very sparingly soluable
copper(I) iodide. A similar reaction is possible with chloride, but as copper(II) isnt a strong enough oxidising agent to make chlorine you need a
reducing agent like sulphite in solution as well.
I would be inclined just to try fractional crystalisation on the mix, but getting the metals from coins is very expensive.
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Darkfire
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After you converted both the coper and nickle into compounds, would it still be posible to use the magnetic properties of Ni to seperate the metal
salts?
CTR
\"I love being alive and will be the best man I possibly can. I will take love wherever I find it and offer it to everyone who will take it. I
will seek knowledge from those wiser and teach those who wish to learn from me.\" Duane Allman
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Organikum
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as far as I know Ni looses the magnetic properties as salt and even when very fine divided.
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Marvin
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Ferromagnetism is an unsual state requiring very ordered structure in the lattice. This usually vanishes a long time before melting and a true liquid
ferromagnetic material is thought to be impossible. Very fine powders eg 1u are still ferromagnetic, and usually single domain grains, the basis for
magnetic tape recording. Solutions of salts are simply too disordered to be strongly magnetic.
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Cappy
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U.S. $0.01 penny
Does anyone know what year was the last year of pure copper pennies?
I believe it was sometime in the 1950s or 60s.
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Darkfire
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Uh i think 86 or 68 but im not entirly sure... but coper is pretty useless exept for messing around with hno3.
CTR
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Cappy
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I was going to make aluminum powder for thermite by sulfating the aluminum, then replacing it with magnesium.
I figured I could instead sulfate copper, then replace with aluminum, and then magnesium, so I would end up with copper and aluminum powder. Would
this add a lot of time to the process?
I thought copper powder might be useful for blue flame coloring. Will copper burn easily, or must I make copper nitrate? I don't have access to
HNO3, but I have a liter of H2SO4.
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Darkfire
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I think most copper salt will color flame to some degree, some better than other. If you plan on coloring your thermite, i think copper makes better
color at lower temps.
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Marvin
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I dont know of any blues offhand that use copper powder, I'm not convinced it would work well. The species your after is CuCl, so low
temperature flames with an easily decomposed copper salt and a chlorine donor. Most of the cheep blues I know of use a chlorate or perchlorate salt,
with ammonium perchlorate being the best, a chlorine donor like PVC, and copper carbonate.
Adding sodium carbonate to copper sulpate would get you this, but it would leave so much sodium impurity in the carbonate as to render it totally
useless. Potassium carbonate woiuld work well if you can get it, maybe someone can point out a method I havnt thought of.
Adding iron or magnesium to copper sulphate solution would certainly get you copper powder, but I'm not convinced aluminium powder would react at
all, and making aluminium powder by adding magnesium to aluminium sulphate definatly wont work in solution.
You cant ppt aluminium or magnesium in water solutions, you just get the hydroxides. Thermite will almost certainly work with magnesium powder, but
I'm not sure how well, or if there are any additional dangers.
If you want copper metal, tubing from a scrap yard or a plumbing shop is potentially a lot cheaper.
[Edited on 30-3-2003 by Marvin]
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menchaca
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i´ve think in a way to obtaim CuCO3 im not sure if it works but...
you take CuSO4 and heat it strongly you will get CuO, you take this and add to this acetic acid or vineager(does it write so?)
you ill get copper acetate if you let it cristalicve dry the cristals and heat it you should get CuCO3 and acetone, acetone evaporates and CuCO3
precipites
copper acetate +heat-->copper sulphate +acetone
i think there will easir wayis to get it but this i think this give you relativily pure copper carbonate
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menchaca
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i think that i could have done it easier:
copper carbonate is unsoluble wile copper sulphate ,sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate isn´t , so you take
CuSO4+Na2CO3--->Na2SO4(sol.)+CuCO3(unsol.)
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Cappy
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Marvin
Adding iron or magnesium to copper sulphate solution would certainly get you copper powder, but I'm not convinced aluminium powder would react at
all, and making aluminium powder by adding magnesium to aluminium sulphate definatly wont work in solution.
You cant ppt aluminium or magnesium in water solutions, you just get the hydroxides. Thermite will almost certainly work with magnesium powder, but
I'm not sure how well, or if there are any additional dangers.
[Edited on 30-3-2003 by Marvin] |
Check out http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Al/chem...
"Aluminium metal dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Al(III) ion together with hydrogen gas, H2.
The corresponding reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid also give the aquated Al(III) ion. Concentrated nitric acid passivates aluminium metal.
2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) 2Al3+(aq) + 2SO42-(aq) + 3H2(g)"
I don't see why Al wouldn't be precipitated by the more reactive Mg (single-replacement reaction).
I'd like to see if Mg/Fe2O3 thermite would be more energetic than Al/Fe3O3, but I don't have an easy way to make fine Mg powder. I'm
assuming sandpaper would just polish Mg.
[Edited on 30-3-2003 by Cappy]
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Organikum
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As a source for copper don´t take tubes or sheet from the scrapyard as this are usually alloys.
Use copper from some old high quality electrostuff, the wires, instead as these are very pure copper - in transformers for example
I had just some ugly experiences in using plumbing coppertube for a tube furnace experiment where copper was required.
Had to plate the "copper" electrolytically with copper.
Hehe.
shit. 
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Marvin
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In terms of electrochemical series, both aluminium and magnesium should react with water. Any attempt to reduce salts of these metals will yeild
hydrogen instead, and hydroxides of the metal(s) involved. If that is, you can get it to react at all. Anything that dissolves aluminium, has to
dissolve or disrupt the oxide/hydroxide coating to react at a reasonable rate.
Here copper water pipe seems to be pure copper. Ive been told only pure copper works becuase otherwise it wouldnt bend properly, most other metals
are unsuitable for contact with drinking water. Maybe where you are they use something else. As anything you get from a scrap yard, a crude chemical
assay should be done to check.
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Theoretic
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You could dissolve the coins in molten NH4NO3, heat untill all of the residual AN decomposes, then heat further untill nitrates have been converted to
oxides, toss the lot into molten NaOH, which would dissolve Fe and Cu oxides, leaving NiO to settle to the bottom. Then you could reduce NiO with Al
and dissolve in NaOH any excess Al.
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unionised
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An interesting approach to a study of the stabillity of molten NH4NO3 in the presence of heavy metals. Please let me know if you are going to do it so
I can be sure to be out of the way.
I think the idea of dissolving it in acid (electrolytic oxidation in HCl with an innert anode would be neat) and ppt the Cu as CuI is about the
easiest.
Dissolving the coins in hot H2SO4(aq) and adding ammonium sulphate would precipitate the Ni as the sparingly soluble double salt but I don't know
how well this would separate it form the Cu.
[Edited on 16-11-2003 by unionised]
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