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hexabio
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Protecting weak secondary amines - driving me crazy!
I am trying to BOC protect tryptophol and this is driving me crazy.
I have tried pyridine, triethylamine and naoh catalysts with no luck (along with BOCoA)
Have also tried different molar eqs of each.
Does anyone have advice on BOC protecting stubborn secondary amines?
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DJF90
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What you're referring to is not a secondary amine, but an indole. Two quite separate things.
I'd suggest NaH then Boc2O (what is BOCoA?) for protection of indole nitrogen. In your case (tryptophol) you've got a chemoselectivity
issue due to the primary alcohol that is also present. I'll let you do your homework on that one.
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clearly_not_atara
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In water, the pKa of ethanol and indole are roughly equal, both about 16. But in DMSO, the pKa of indole is 17 while the pKa of ethanol is 30. So the
solvent has a large effect. Anhydrous KOH in DMSO is sometimes recommended as a superbasic system. Sodium ethoxide is more soluble and might react
more quickly, though. Acetonitrile or DMF might be replacements for DMSO if the latter is unavailable.
[Edited on 04-20-1969 by clearly_not_atara]
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hexabio
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Quote: Originally posted by DJF90  | What you're referring to is not a secondary amine, but an indole. Two quite separate things.
I'd suggest NaH then Boc2O (what is BOCoA?) for protection of indole nitrogen. In your case (tryptophol) you've got a chemoselectivity
issue due to the primary alcohol that is also present. I'll let you do your homework on that one. |
From what I understand, Boc2O is more selective toward the indole than the primary alcohol unless a strong catalyst is used, I was avoiding the use of
DMAP catalyst for this reason, once you introduce it, it will become reactive with the primary alcohol.
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hexabio
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| Quote: Originally posted by DJF90 | What you're referring to is not a secondary amine, but an indole. Two quite separate things.
I'd suggest NaH then Boc2O (what is BOCoA?) for protection of indole nitrogen. In your case (tryptophol) you've got a chemoselectivity
issue due to the primary alcohol that is also present. I'll let you do your homework on that one. |
I have never seen NaH used in BOC protections, can you tell me more about this?
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solo
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......here is a source where you can investigate such combination of protection of said compound,
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry: Volume 4 - Protection Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry,
Combinatorial Synthesis (Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry (VCH))
Andrew B. Hughes
http://libgen.io/ads.php?md5=3E9CD888F1BD614C66E2320D3124FEA...
[Edited on 14-11-2017 by solo]
It's better to die on your feet, than live on your knees....Emiliano Zapata.
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CuReUS
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| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | I am trying to BOC protect tryptophol and this is driving me crazy.
I have tried pyridine, triethylamine and naoh catalysts with no luck (along with BOCoA)
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| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | | I was avoiding the use of DMAP catalyst for this reason, once you introduce it, it will become reactive with the primary alcohol.
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You have to use DMAP to protect the N,the solvent being CH2Cl2,RT for 20 minutes AFTER you protect the OH(with OTBS or something
else)
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hexabio
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| Quote: Originally posted by CuReUS | | Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | I am trying to BOC protect tryptophol and this is driving me crazy.
I have tried pyridine, triethylamine and naoh catalysts with no luck (along with BOCoA)
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| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | | I was avoiding the use of DMAP catalyst for this reason, once you introduce it, it will become reactive with the primary alcohol.
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You have to use DMAP to protect the N,the solvent being CH2Cl2,RT for 20 minutes AFTER you protect the OH(with OTBS or something
else) |
I thought the DMAP acts as a strong base not a transprotecting group.
I am trying to run this without protecting the OH position by controlling reaction conditions carefully.
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DJF90
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Use the NaH to deprotonate the indole and then add the Boc2O. As mentioned above you'll need to make provision for your hydroxyl group,
whether that be by protective group or otherwise.
| Quote: Originally posted by CuReUS |
You have to use DMAP to protect the N,the solvent being CH2Cl2,RT for 20 minutes AFTER you protect the OH(with OTBS or something
else) |
You don't have to use DMAP if you preform the anion first with a strong base.
| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | I thought the DMAP acts as a strong base not a transprotecting group.
I am trying to run this without protecting the OH position by controlling reaction conditions carefully. |
DMAP is not a strong base at all, and not a "transprotecting group" either (whatever that is supposed to mean). It is a nucleophilic
catalyst - it reacts with the Boc2O faster than indole, to form an active species that will acylate indole faster than
Boc2O itself would
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hexabio
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| Quote: Originally posted by DJF90 |
Use the NaH to deprotonate the indole and then add the Boc2O. As mentioned above you'll need to make provision for your hydroxyl group,
whether that be by protective group or otherwise.
| Quote: Originally posted by CuReUS |
You have to use DMAP to protect the N,the solvent being CH2Cl2,RT for 20 minutes AFTER you protect the OH(with OTBS or something
else) |
You don't have to use DMAP if you preform the anion first with a strong base.
| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | I thought the DMAP acts as a strong base not a transprotecting group.
I am trying to run this without protecting the OH position by controlling reaction conditions carefully. |
DMAP is not a strong base at all, and not a "transprotecting group" either (whatever that is supposed to mean). It is a nucleophilic
catalyst - it reacts with the Boc2O faster than indole, to form an active species that will acylate indole faster than
Boc2O itself would |
NaH is a pretty brutal reagent just for depronating indole, isnt triethylamine, pyridine or NaOH usually used for that?
Is there anything else other than NaH which would have the same effect? I have to admit I have been treating the indole as a cyclic amine in my
research.
The transprotecting approach is sometimes used to replace a smaller protecting group with a stronger one, which is what my intuition says happens
here.
Any help will be appreciated as OH protection is not an option.
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DJF90
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| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | | NaH is a pretty brutal reagent just for depronating indole, isnt triethylamine, pyridine or NaOH usually used for that? |
Triethylamine and pyridine aren't strong enough bases to deprotonate indole (look at the pKas). NaH is a convenient means of deprotonating
the indole quantitatively before addition of an electrophile (it is commonly used for deprotonation of -OH, -NH and -SH species).
| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | | Is there anything else other than NaH which would have the same effect? I have to admit I have been treating the indole as a cyclic amine in my
research. |
I'm sure other strong non-nucleophilic bases would do an equally good job; LDA or KHMDS for example. I'm not saying this approach is the only way to
do it (or even if it would work given your specific substrate and its chemoselectivity issues) , but it is one route that you can research further.
Why don't you look at "Protecting groups in organic synthesis" for a summary of other methods?
| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio | | The transprotecting approach is sometimes used to replace a smaller protecting group with a stronger one, which is what my intuition says happens
here. |
Thats not what you're doing here. You're moving the protecting group from one species (the DMAP catalyst) to another (substrate).
Perhaps you can share your synthetic route so that we can see why this is a problem?
[Edited on 14-11-2017 by DJF90]
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hexabio
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I appreciate all the insights, I had this backwards in my head.
On TLC I am seeing some type of BOC protection, two separate products depending on how I optimize.
Since I am using a weak base (not strong enough to deprotonate the amine) with BOC, would you assume one of the products is O-Boc and the other
C3-Boc?
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Sigmatropic
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C3 Bocylation seems unlikely to me as the product loses aromaticity in the indole ring. Of course this could rearrange and give you something but I
doubt that.
I would attempt to either protect the alcohol first (silyl, acyl or trityl) then protect the nitrogen followed by O-deprotection. Or create the O, N,
double anion and selectively protect the more basic indole nitrogen.
I'm with DFJ90, without knowing your synthetic route we cannot know or even begin to think about what procedures are called for. If it's going where I
think you are going then you don't need to worry about (self) alkylation of the indole nitrogen. (look up some conditions for alkylation the indole
nitrogen and you'll see why). But all this is conjecture without knowing your route and or target.
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CuReUS
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| Quote: Originally posted by hexabio |
I am trying to run this without protecting the OH position by controlling reaction conditions carefully. |
I don't think you can do that in tryptophol.Generally N is much more willing to share electrons than O,so you can selectively react it with your
reagent.But in this case,the lone pair of N is in resonance with the indole ring,making it less juicy and relatively making the OH more attractive to
react with
If you could tell your target compound,maybe another route could be suggested which would completely bypass the need for protection
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hexabio
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| Quote: Originally posted by Sigmatropic | C3 Bocylation seems unlikely to me as the product loses aromaticity in the indole ring. Of course this could rearrange and give you something but I
doubt that.
I would attempt to either protect the alcohol first (silyl, acyl or trityl) then protect the nitrogen followed by O-deprotection. Or create the O, N,
double anion and selectively protect the more basic indole nitrogen.
I'm with DFJ90, without knowing your synthetic route we cannot know or even begin to think about what procedures are called for. If it's going where I
think you are going then you don't need to worry about (self) alkylation of the indole nitrogen. (look up some conditions for alkylation the indole
nitrogen and you'll see why). But all this is conjecture without knowing your route and or target. |
So you are saying that depronating the indole hydrogen (using NaH or something) is not enough for a chemioselective BOC protection on the N position
of the indole?
I need to go further and form the double anion which will be more basic and make this BOC protection chemioselective?
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Sigmatropic
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What I'm saying is that, based on pKa values, one equivalent of NaH gets you the O-anion which when treated with boc anhydride gives you the O-boc
compound. Treating with 2 or better yet an excess of NaH gives you the N, O-dianion which you may then be able to chemoselectively protect at the
nitrogen.
To give you an idea, most literature methods do O-protection, N functionalization, O-deprotection. Although the O,N-double anion is encountered quite
commonly in the case of alkylation.
[Edited on 15-11-2017 by Sigmatropic]
Attachment: reaxys_anonymous_20171115_173954_541.pdf (275kB)
This file has been downloaded 347 times
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DJF90
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| Quote: Originally posted by Sigmatropic | | What I'm saying is that, based on pKa values, one equivalent of NaH gets you the O-anion which when treated with boc anhydride gives you the O-boc
compound. Treating with 2 or better yet an excess of NaH gives you the N, O-dianion which you may then be able to chemoselectively protect at the
nitrogen. |
My thoughts exactly, but wanted the OP to work for the answer a little more. They don't seem to have a particularly good grasp on organic chem, so why
they'd be messing around with something like Tryptophol is beyond me (I have a pretty good idea actually: DMT).
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karlos³
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Use tosyl chloride and pyridine, that works for a great leaving group.
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zed
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Original poster. Hey, just exactly what are you trying to make?
Collectively, the guys know much of what there is to know.
Possibly, they can just tell you how to get to where you want to go.
So, where do you want to go?
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hexabio
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I found a reference which uses poly(4-vinylpyridine) and BOC2o to selectively protect indoles in the presence of alcohol groups. They have one or two
examples of indoles in the reference although it is geared toward other amine groups.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257806822_Poly4-vin...
Is there any reason this wont work for my substrate?
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CuReUS
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I don't see why not good find
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karlos³
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@OP, I concur with zed, could you please be so kind to tell us more about what you´re up to produce?
I´ve worked with tryptophol(and tosylate) in the past too, so your ambitions and goal would be very interesting to know.
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hexabio
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I had a custom synthesis request for N-boc protected tryptophol and I am trying to avoid the O protection/deprotection.
The previously posted paper looks very promising, two indole compounds were protected in high yields and alcohol groups are not touched, the only
thing that blows my mind is how the hell a polymer causes such chemioselectivity and reactivity with BOC, apparently the mechanism is unknown, it just
works.
Can anyone take a look at the paper and tell me if its nonesense? Its from Iran, not sure what their academic reputation is but from what I know, they
make great scientists.
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DJF90
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So you're on a forum for amateur science asking for advice/solutions to your commercial problems? Do us all a favour - go and hire yourself a
consultant (a good one - you need all the help you can get).
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Sigmatropic
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Using TMS as a transient protecting group would still fall under the general scheme of O-protection, N-functionalization followed by O-deprotection.
The fact they use a recoverable bronsted base catalyst does not change this fact nor does it make the mechanism unknown. All that does is make it
'novel' and thus publishable. What I would call a prime example of denovation resulting from the publish or perish culture at universities. What I
mean to say is, there are better, cheaper and faster ways. But maybe if this polyvinylpyridine becomes as available as polystyrene sulfonate (aka
amberlite, amberlyst, dowex) it may actually have its uses. But until then I will just employ the cheap as shit pyridine or its cousin DMAP.
[Edited on 24-11-2017 by Sigmatropic]
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