Difference between revisions of "Lithium nitrite"
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Latest revision as of 22:34, 7 November 2021
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Lithium nitrite
| |
| Other names
Lithium nitrite
| |
| Properties | |
| LiNO2 (anhydrous) LiNO2·H2O (monohydrate) | |
| Molar mass | 52.9465 g/mol (anhydrous) 70.9618 g/mol (monohydrate) |
| Appearance | Hygroscopic crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Melting point | 222 °C (432 °F; 495 K) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 70.94 g/ 100 ml (0 °C) 103.67 g/100 ml (25 °C) 1119.5 g/100 ml (90 °C)[1] | |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
96 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−372.4 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | None |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Sodium nitrite Potassium nitrite Rubidium nitrite Caesium nitrite |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Lithium nitrite is the lithium salt of nitrous acid, with formula LiNO2. It is often encountered as monohydrate, LiNO2·H2O
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Alcoholic solutions of sodium nitrite acidified with HCl can be used to nitrosate ketones.[2]
Physical
Lithium nitrite is a colorless hygroscopic solid, soluble in water and alcohols.
Availability
Lithium nitrite is sold by chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Lithium nitrate will undergo thermal decomposition above 500 °C to yield lithium nitrite and oxygen, as shown in the following reaction:
- 2 LiNO3 → 2LiNO2 + O2
Lithium nitrite can also be prepared by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as shown below:[3]
- 4 NO + 2 LiOH → 2 LiNO2 + N2O + H2O
- 6 NO + 4 LiOH → 4 LiNO2 + N2 + 2 H2O
Lithium nitrite can be obtained by reacting lithium sulfate and barium nitrite in an aqueous solution.
Alternatively, it can also be prepared by mixing equal amounts of lithium sulfate and potassium nitrite in highly concentrated aqueous solution. The resulting potassium sulfate and lithium potassium sulfate precipitate is filtered off, and the filtrate is concentrated after further evaporation. Unlike potassium nitrite, lithium nitrite is very soluble in absolute ethanol, and thus the crude lithium nitrite can be extracted by dissolving it in ethanol, which is slowly evaporated to yield crystals of pure lithium nitrite.[4]
Projects
- Make nitrite salts
- Nitrosation of ketones[5]
- Corrosion inhibitor in mortar
Handling
Safety
Lithium nitrite, like all nitrites, is harmful if inhaled or ingested. Lithium compounds affects the nervous system.
Storage
In closed bottles.
Disposal
Can be oxidized to lithium nitrate or carbonate and recycled.
References
- ↑ Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940
- ↑ https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v74-253
- ↑ Greenwood, N. N. and Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed.; Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd: Oxford, 1997
- ↑ https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1913/ct/ct9130302130/unauth
- ↑ https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v74-253
