Difference between revisions of "Chlorobutanol"

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  | ''name1''
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  ...
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  | ''name50''
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| ImageFile = Chlorobutanol.jpg
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| ImageFile = Chlorobutanol_sublimed.jpg
 
| ImageSize = 250
 
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| ImageName = Chlorobutanol in a vial, with sublimated crystals
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| ImageCaption = Chlorobutanol in a vial, with sublimated crystals
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| ImageCaption = Crystals of chlorobutanol obtained by sublimation
 
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| BoilingPt_notes =  
 
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| Density =  
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| Density = 1.404 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
 
| Formula = C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>OH
 
| Formula = C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>OH
 
| HenryConstant =  
 
| HenryConstant =  
 
| LogP =  
 
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| MolarMass = 177.458
 
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| MeltingPtC = 95-99
 
| MeltingPtC = 95-99
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| Solubility = Slightly soluble
 
| Solubility = Slightly soluble
 
| SolubleOther = Soluble
 
| SolubleOther = Soluble
| Solvent = [[Acetone]]
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| Solvent = [[acetone]]
 
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| ExploLimits =  
 
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| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/H5yEdWL/chlorobutanol-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich]
 
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| MainHazards = Irritant
 
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| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
| OtherCompounds = [[Chloral hydrate]], [[Chloroform]], [[Tert-butanol]]
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| OtherCompounds = [[Chloral hydrate]]<br>[[Chloroform]]<br>[[tert-Butanol]]
 
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===Physical===
 
===Physical===
Chlorobutanol is a waxy or fine crystalline solid and is volatile enough to partially vaporize at low temperatures. It is known for its very strong smell, which lies somewhere between camphor and menthol. This odor is the primary reason for synthesis of chlorobutanol in the first place. It is poorly soluble in water, but soluble in acetone. It has a melting point between 95–99 °C and boils at 167°C.
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Chlorobutanol is a waxy or fine crystalline solid and is volatile enough to partially vaporize at low temperatures. It is known for its very strong smell, which lies somewhere between camphor and [[menthol]]. This odor is the primary reason for synthesis of chlorobutanol in the first place. It is poorly soluble in water, but soluble in acetone. It has a melting point between 95–99 °C and boils at 167°C.
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
Chlorobutanol is sometimes available as 0.5% - 0.05% solutions in pharmacies, but the use has declined over the years.  
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Chlorobutanol is sometimes available as 0.5% - 0.05% solutions in pharmacies, but the use has declined over the years, making it harder to find in some places.  
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
Chlorobutanol can be easily prepared by reacting roughly 9 parts [[acetone]] and 1 part [[chloroform]] at low temperatures over a long period. This reaction is catalyzed by a very necessary addition of a small amount of [[sodium hydroxide]] or [[potassium hydroxide]]. The synthesis takes place over a number of hours and can be achieved at the temperature of most household freezers. After the reaction has been allowed to progress substantially the mixture should be added to freezing water to precipitate the product. In the case that any unreacted chloroform remains, much of the produced chlorobutanol will be dissolved in it, actually allowing for an easier extraction. A re-crystallization can be done using acetone or methanol, though care must be taken to prevent sublimation of the chlorobutanol. A better way to purify chlorobutanol is to first dry it with a desiccant and then intentionally sublimate it in a beaker at high heat and allowing it to deposit in crystal form on the underside of a flask of ice-water.
 
Chlorobutanol can be easily prepared by reacting roughly 9 parts [[acetone]] and 1 part [[chloroform]] at low temperatures over a long period. This reaction is catalyzed by a very necessary addition of a small amount of [[sodium hydroxide]] or [[potassium hydroxide]]. The synthesis takes place over a number of hours and can be achieved at the temperature of most household freezers. After the reaction has been allowed to progress substantially the mixture should be added to freezing water to precipitate the product. In the case that any unreacted chloroform remains, much of the produced chlorobutanol will be dissolved in it, actually allowing for an easier extraction. A re-crystallization can be done using acetone or methanol, though care must be taken to prevent sublimation of the chlorobutanol. A better way to purify chlorobutanol is to first dry it with a desiccant and then intentionally sublimate it in a beaker at high heat and allowing it to deposit in crystal form on the underside of a flask of ice-water.
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 +
==Projects==
 +
*Odor compound collection
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
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===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
 
Chlorobutanol can be reduced with a reducing agent to butanol and burned.
 
Chlorobutanol can be reduced with a reducing agent to butanol and burned.
 +
 +
==Gallery==
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<gallery widths="200" position="center" columns="4" orientation="none">
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Chlorobutanol.jpg|Chlorobutanol in a vial, with sublimated crystals
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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[[Category:Alcohols]]
 
[[Category:Alcohols]]
 
[[Category:Tertiary alcohols]]
 
[[Category:Tertiary alcohols]]
 +
[[Category:Halohydrins]]
 
[[Category:Fragrant compounds]]
 
[[Category:Fragrant compounds]]
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]

Latest revision as of 07:29, 14 February 2021

Chlorobutanol
Chlorobutanol sublimed.jpg
Crystals of chlorobutanol obtained by sublimation
ChlorobutanolStructure.png
Structure of chlorobutanol
Chlorobutanol3D.png
3D model of chlorobutanol
Names
IUPAC name
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol
Properties
C4H6Cl3OH
Molar mass 177.458
Appearance Off-white, waxy crystalline solid
Density 1.404 g/cm3
Melting point 95–99 °C (203–210 °F; 368–372 K)
Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K)
Slightly soluble
Solubility in acetone Soluble
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Related compounds
Related compounds
Chloral hydrate
Chloroform
tert-Butanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Chlorobutanol, or 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, is an organic compound with a strong odor and sedative properties.

Properties

Chemical

Chlorobutanol can act as a sedative and hypnotic in mild doses, as well as an antibacterial/anti-fungal agent in low concentrations in solution. It also appears to be a powerful local anesthetic.

Physical

Chlorobutanol is a waxy or fine crystalline solid and is volatile enough to partially vaporize at low temperatures. It is known for its very strong smell, which lies somewhere between camphor and menthol. This odor is the primary reason for synthesis of chlorobutanol in the first place. It is poorly soluble in water, but soluble in acetone. It has a melting point between 95–99 °C and boils at 167°C.

Availability

Chlorobutanol is sometimes available as 0.5% - 0.05% solutions in pharmacies, but the use has declined over the years, making it harder to find in some places.

Preparation

Chlorobutanol can be easily prepared by reacting roughly 9 parts acetone and 1 part chloroform at low temperatures over a long period. This reaction is catalyzed by a very necessary addition of a small amount of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The synthesis takes place over a number of hours and can be achieved at the temperature of most household freezers. After the reaction has been allowed to progress substantially the mixture should be added to freezing water to precipitate the product. In the case that any unreacted chloroform remains, much of the produced chlorobutanol will be dissolved in it, actually allowing for an easier extraction. A re-crystallization can be done using acetone or methanol, though care must be taken to prevent sublimation of the chlorobutanol. A better way to purify chlorobutanol is to first dry it with a desiccant and then intentionally sublimate it in a beaker at high heat and allowing it to deposit in crystal form on the underside of a flask of ice-water.

Projects

  • Odor compound collection

Handling

Safety

Ingestion of chlorobutanol leads to sedative effects, similar to chloral hydrate or chloroform. Long exposure to vapors can cause headaches and drowsiness, and exposure to the skin may cause irritation. It is also known to damage the liver.

Storage

Chlorobutanol is difficult to store, as it tends to sublime and condense on the container walls. A sealed bottle or an ampoule can be used to store this compound.

Disposal

Chlorobutanol can be reduced with a reducing agent to butanol and burned.

Gallery

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads