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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Due to ongoing research in the field of primary substances, I am publishing 2 more compositions, this time based on a mixture of KClO3 + Sodium
Benzoate.
Fig. 1 shows the prepared assembly for the 1st test. Fig. 2 then shows a mixture that was created by simply mixing the 3 components with the help of
distilled water and evaporating it. At cca 70 C.
 
Fig. B3 shows the complete assembly before firing. A 6/8 mm x 50 steel tube is filled with 300 mg of pressed ETN as the output segment. This is
followed by 10 mg of slightly densified ETN. This is followed by a mixture of 150 mg of ETN + 150 mg of the investigated substance in a 1:1 ratio of
low density which is pressed around the electric bridge.
Fig. B5 shows the resulting crater on a lead block. The standard crater from 300mg ETN at full detonation in this (and earlier) setup is typically 14
- 16 mm in diameter, with a depth of 4.5 - 5.5 mm. The resulting crater therefore corresponds to the full detonation of 300 mg of high density ETN.
Fig. B6 shows the setup for the second firing attempt. The only difference is in the mixture around the resistor bridge, which does not contain ETN.
Around the igniter there is only a mixture of KCLO3 75, Na benzoate 25 and CuOH 1. From the experiment it is clear that a failure occurred in Fig. B7.
 
Fig. B9 shows the mixture for the 3rd experiment. Here a different mixture was used. KClO3 75 + NaBenzoate 25 + CuO 1 were mixed in a stainless steel
pan using distilled water and the mixture was dried at 60 C. Then, using acetone, 6 parts by weight of nitrocellulose (with a high nitrogen content of
about 13%) and 3 parts of ETN were added. The mixture was processed into 1x1 mm granules. Fig. B 10 shows a ready-to-detonate assembly containing 300
mg of hi pressed ETN, 10 mg of low pressed ETN, and 300 mg of the described (investigated) mixture around a resistance bridge of low pressed. Fig.
11 shows the full detonation of ETN.
  
Conclusion: If a thick steel cavity is used for ETN initiation, it is possible to use alternative primary substances based even on ordinary KClO3 +
suitable fuel. Basic observed behavior of the examinated substances: Impact sensitivity:.....same as safety match heads. Friction sensitivity: Failed
to cause explosion. Flame sensitivity: Burns similar to gunpowder with loud sputtering.....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Another interesting substance is a mixture of hexamine di-perchlorate with potassium chlorate. According to the damage to the lead brick, a rough
estimate of the VoD of around 4000 m/s in a steel cavity at a high pressed density of around 1.5 g/cc is possible. This mixture can reliably detonate
ETN in a solid cavity. The preparation is simple. In a stainless steel pan, dissolve HDP 40% + KClO3 60% in a small amount of distilled water and dry
at 80 Celsius. A white non-hygroscopic powder is formed. The crater in the picture is from 300 mg of this mixture in the sense of the output segment
with an estimated density of 1.4 - 1.6 g/cc. The same 300mg mixture with a low density of around 1g/cc was used as a starting hot wire segment.
Potentially, this substance can be used as a relatively cheap secondary charge with the possibility of plasticization....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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pjig
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Can you test this comp ina aircraft aluminum capsule to see if it can get similar results as the steel cavity ? Any chance you tested the co-
precipitate mix for its capacity to act as a primary?
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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1....In aluminium cavity will results always weaker. For clarity and comparison, the same cavity is always used in this thread. That is, structural
steel 6/8 x 50 mm. For boosters, 8/10 x 22 mm. There are many amateur researchers who use a different cavity and a different material as a target for
almost every experiment. And even a different weight of filling. The result is only confusion in the results.
2...Any co-precipitates will probably not be tested. The emphasis in this thread is on making the preparation as simple as possible. A co-precipitate
requires precipitation from solution, often with the help of another reagent. And then additional isolation steps follow.
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pjig
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Yes agreed. In industry cost is the main factor in production. Amateur world is a little different(doing what it takes despite the cost) , but keeping
costs low is goal for more production. Hense aluminum being a more economical solution. Not that it’s better in its efficiency , but end costs.
The co-precipitated material is pretty simple on this kclo4, ferricyanide dichromate catalyzed comp. IPA alcohol is the crash liquor, very intimate
mixture and very energetic for a perchlorate em. If you are getting kclo3 comps to push etc to det, I’m pretty sure this simple comp will probably
work in your steel caps
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Thanks, ferricyanide looks interestling it will tested sometimes....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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A 2 year old CU8 substance was tested, which was kept slightly moist throughout. After drying at 80 Celsius for 10 minutes, the mixture was tested as
the primary part of the detonator without further modification.
The cavity contained 300 mg of high density ETN, 5 mg of low density ETN hand-pressed, 5 mg of CU8 hand-pressed. About 500 mg of CU8 was poured around
the hot wire and pressed by hand. The result is a full detonation of the ETN. The preparation of CU8 is at the beginning of this thread.....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Diper 60
Due to the interesting results of the investigation of the Hexamine Diperchlorate (HDP) mixture, I present the latest data. As can be seen from the
figure, the brisance of the HDP and KClO3 mixture is almost independent of the mutual ratios. A mixture of HDP 40% and KClO3 60% is able to reliably
detonate ETN. A mixture of 70% HDP and 30% KClO3 is also able to detonate ETN. And a mixture of HDP 85% and KClO3 15% seems to be even more powerful.
( verified, that alone HDP is not capable of detonating ETN ) Of course, these experimental data do not mean a breakthrough in the field of primary
substances. However other wise, I am not aware of anyone used a primary substance based on hexamine diperchlorate. Therefore, this compound is
interestling, if you have HClO4.
Preparation of HDP:
In a 200 ml sealable jar, pour 80g IPA + 11g dH2O + 9g Hexamine. The mixture is heated to 40 C until the hexamine dissolves. The mixture is cooled to
5 C. Hexamine no longer precipitates back. 20g of HClO4 68% is prepared. 4g of HClO4 is injected into the glass and the mixture is cooled in an ice
bath to 5 C with constant stirring. This operation is repeated 4 times. The precipitated HDP is separated on a Buchner funnel and dried at 30 C on
filter paper. The mother liquor is neutralized with potassium hydroxide and on Buchner funell is KClO4 separated.
Basic equation for preparation Hexamine di-perchlorate
(CH2)6N4 + 2 HClO4 = (CH2)6N4 * (ClO4)2 + H2 (+ heat)
Diper 60 prepare:
0.6g of HDP and 0.4g of KClO3 (or KClO4) are poured onto a stainless steel pan. The dry mixture is dropped by solution (approx. 5 - 10 g) of IPA25%
/dH2O 75%. All compouds must be dissolved. The mixture is carefully mixed until a dry powder forms at 80 Celsius.
The resulting powder is Diper 60, is non-hygroscopic and ready for filling. The name Diper 60 was chosen because it almost doesn't matter what ratio
you use. 40:60 or 60:40. ETN always explodes from Diper 60 in metal cavity.
Test mixtures resist scratching on a hot pan. Burning rate is similar to quality BP. Impact sensitivity is similar to safety matches. With KClO4
lower. In aluminium confinement is Diper 60 basically impossible detonated. HDP with NH4ClO4 is impossible initiated ETN.
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Etanol
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??
C6H12N4+2HClO4=C6H14N4(ClO4)2 or (CH2)6N4 * 2HClO4
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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When we're at school, I'll answer your questions. The important thing is that Hexamine diperchlorate can detonate ETN.....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Etanol
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Agree
However, in addition to the non-existent reaction product, it generates the error in the molar mass of HDN and the error in the reaction output. Your
program is very strange.
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Yes.....I agree....But works it.....
https://www.webqc.org/balance.php
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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I confirm that R - Salt (1,3,5 - trinitroso - 1,3,5 - triazacyclohexane) can be full detonated using CHP in steel cavity 6/8 mm. The density of R -
Salt was 1.45g cm 3. Filled and pressed to standard 300 mg as an output segment. The hole in a 2 mm thick steel sheet is 7.2 mm. From ETN ( second
picture) it is usually 8 to 8.5 mm under identical conditions.
Good tutorial for preparation R-Salt here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXCrX0QuvGA
 
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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During a research of R - Salt shows, that there is repeated failure. As primary compound is 500 mg CHP, which provided pressure minimal 20 GPa. Such
a similar failure has never occurred when initiating ETN under the same conditions from CHP. Same sample of pure CHP create hole in 2mm steel plate
8.2 x 8.4 mm or 7.2 x 7.5 mm. Therefore wrong is not CHP, but error is in R-Salt. R-Salt was recrystallized and old only 1 day.
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Etanol
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Quote: Originally posted by Laboratory of Liptakov  | Due to the interesting results of the investigation of the Hexamine Diperchlorate (HDP) mixture, I present the latest data. As can be seen from the
figure, the brisance of the HDP and KClO3 mixture is almost independent of the mutual ratios. A mixture of HDP 40% and KClO3 60% is able to reliably
detonate ETN.
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If you dissolve HDP and HDP-KClO3 mix in distilled water again, what is pH of the solution? Is it dangerous?
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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Here is results. Maybe it help you. Yes, all with KClO3 is dangerous.
We are in energetics materials research....
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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Etanol
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Usually it becomes red in an acidic environment. Did the solution destroy the indicator?
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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After 20 hours of slow drying, both papers are without visible mechanical damage. Also without visible disintegration. Their tensile strength is
approximately the same as that of new pH papers.
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Laboratory of Liptakov
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During two years of research, it was shown that the residual HClO4 content in the Cu(ClO4)2 * 6H2O crystals is important for the function of Cu8.
Which causes the formation of hexamine diperchlorate. The excess of hexamine (21 parts per 80) stabilizes the mixture, balances the oxygen balance and
maintains high performance for years. In a solid cavity, the substance achieves reliable and high brisance, which as a monomaterial is capable of
initiating any secondary explosive. I remind you that this powerful substance is prepared by simply mixing 80 parts of Cu(ClO4)2*0H2O and 21 parts of
hexamine in a few drops of distilled water. After evaporation at 95 Celsius, the substance is ready for use. The pictures show the acidity of
Cu(ClO4)2 and the subsequent neutrality of Cu8. Other pictures then illustrate the high performance of the mentioned substance 400mg. Brisance is near
ETN. Target is construction steel 2mm of thickness......
 
  
[Edited on 10-1-2025 by Laboratory of Liptakov]
Development of primarily - secondary substances: CHP (2015) neutral CHP and Lithex (2022) Brightelite (2023) Nitrocelite and KC primer (2024) Diper
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