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Sauron
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Yes You Can Make Your Own TCT - If You Dare!
This one not for the faint of heart. But if one really really needs cyanuric acid and cannot buy it (it is rather cheap) then here, courtesy of the
great Otto Diels (same Diels of Diels-Alder fame) is lab scale prep of cyanuric chloride (aka trichloro-s-triazine).
Before launching into this let's look at the alternatives. CC can be prepared (or regfenerated from) cyanuric acid which you can buy by the bucketfull
at swimming pool supply shos. However the fly in the ointment is that it takes very strong chlorinating reagents to do the job, only two that I know
of are PCl5 (expensive and scarce) and oxalyl chloride (also expensive, but not so scarce.) If a more accessible chlorinating agent can be found that
works then CC/TCT is OTC and the Diels procedure is passe.
The Diels procedure is very much aking to the industrial preparation of CC. Hydrocyanic acid (in German Blausaure) is reacted with chlorine in
chloroform solution to form cyanogen chloride, which then trimerizes to cyanuric chloride. From 100g HCN the typical yield of CC is 110-120 g.
Diels described this in Ber., Jg 32 pp 691-702, attached below. The section on this prep is in first four pages. Balance of paper concerns reactions
of CC and its daughter compounds, mostly aminotriazines.
Need I say, HCN is extremely dangerous. Cyanogen chloride even more so, and chlorine, although a walk in the park with your best girl by
comparison, is not benign. Therefore, I am NOT advocating that anyone actually essay this procedure. Certainly not without a good hood and scrubber
and the sort of safety equipment one would expect when working with the "blood agents" such as SCBA etc and first air supplies for HCN intoxication,
like an oxygen tank and breathing mask, thiosulfate and methylene blue, etc. Finally since HCN tends to knock you out, don't do this alone! Someone
competent needs to be nearby to assist you if you keel over.
All in all, BUY the stuff, if you can. I provide this article for informational purposes only. Meanwhile I am hunting down an alt prep from NaCN that
at least eliminates handling of HCN although doubtless it and ClCN are still formed in situ.
Attachment: Diels_Ber32_691.pdf (664kB)
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garage chemist
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THANK YOU, this is now a new project of mine. This is the kind of chemistry I like, seriously! I have a good fume hood and over a liter of chloroform.
The only thing thats lacking is a good source of HCN, I'll have to convert lots of ferricyanide for that.
Reaction of hydrogen cyanide with chlorine, to form cyanogen chloride, with subsequent trimerization to a powerful chlorinating agent, capable of
converting acetic acid to acetyl chloride in high yield. This is mad science in its pure form.
I know exactly that I can do this in a safe manner, without harming myself, having done a lot of other "dangerous" procedures like synthesis of
diethyl sulfate, distillation of mercury, distillation of dilute hydrazoic acid etc...
I'll give a translation of the procedure later.
Basically, the author only got monomeric ClCN upon reaction of HCN with Cl2 in CHCl3, and then found out by correspondence with the author of the
original procedure that chloroform containing 1% ethanol must be used, as ethanol is the essential trimerization catalyst in this procedure.
[Edited on 16-4-2007 by garage chemist]
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Sauron
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And HCl, don't forget the HCl. HCl is catalyst for the trimerization. Lonza, the giant Italian HCN plant, patented the use of the diethyl
ether-hydrogen chloride azeotrope for this purpose. Lonza, US 2 838 512, 1958 (M. Teysseire, H. P. Sieber). I'll post the patent text as soon as
possible.
Ullmann's, which is where I found the Diels reference, says that Diels used HCl as catalyst.
I very much look forward to your translation and I am much gratified that you like the prep and actually want to do it.
Ullmann's rather teasingly says the most industrial production proceeds from HCN but sodium cyanide is a minor source. No reference damn it. So I have
to go study ClCN chemistry yet again. Does NaCN react with Cl2?
I know there is a complex inorganic salt that produces ClCN directly, I believe it is a sodium zincate and I found it in Org Syn in a footnote, I
believe it is also discussed in THE WAR GASES and maybe in Brauer. That might be a safer more convenient source of ClCN than HCN and Cl2. That is, if
any sentence containing those compounds and the word "safer" retains ANY epistomolical value whatsoever...
Anyway I believe you are one of the few chemists on here who can do this and not hurt yourself. I would like to think I am another but I am not
motivated as I have a lot of TCT and can get more anytime for little money.
I salute you, @gc! Bravissimo!
I looked up the Brauer reference. Pages 662-665 are attached. Two procedures. Both are from alkili cyanides. The first is the zincate I was thinking
of, K2[ZN(CN)4] but you just make that in situ from KCN and ZnSO4. This is reacted with Cl2 to give 4 ClCN ) KCl + ZnCl2. NaCn and Ca(CN)2 are said
to work equally well. The efficiency is very high and the ClCN very pure and chlorine free.
The second is NaCN + Cl2 as implied by Ullmann's. Sodium cyanide does react directly with chlorine (I should have remembered this!) I have not yet
studied this one in full, I wanted to get this posted first so to save you the bother of looking it up. So if you can get NaCN, KCN or Ca(CN)2 you
will be in business.
A few minutes later: OK it is now clear that the prep via the tetracyanozincate is preferred because the product is free of elemental Cl2 while that
from direct reaction of cyanice and chlorine contains Cl2 which must be fractionated out, or the ClCN frozen and the chlorine removed in vacuo, then
the ClCN fractionated, all of which sounds like a pain As the purity of the cyanogen chloride is key to avoiding premature (explosive! trimerization
(also a great hazard with neat liq HCN) obviously the first procedure is the one of choice at least on bench scale.
[Edited on 17-4-2007 by Sauron]
Attachment: Pages from brauer_ocr-3.pdf (109kB)
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garage chemist
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First method:
Into 325g chloroform (containing 1% ethanol), cooled by ice and salt, is passed 85g dry hydrogen cyanide gas (from 500g potassium ferrocyanide)
(note: dont ask me how this is prepared from ferrocyanide, I would think that 500g should yield much more than only 85g HCN?).
Into this solution, still under cooling, is passed dry chlorine. When the mixture has assumed a yellow color, all hydrogen cyanide has reacted, but
chlorine is still being absorbed, and it is practical to continue passing it in for some more time.
The mixture is left to stand for 12h, and is then refluxed until all HCl, excess Cl2, and unreacted ClCN have escaped.
The solution is decanted from an insoluble residue and chloroform and TCT separated by distillation.
The yield varies from 80g to 130g.
Second method:
Into 400g chloroform, containing 1% ethanol, cooled very good by ice and salt, is passed chlorine until saturation, which requires a large amount.
To this solution is added, from a dropping funnel whose pipe is drawn out into a capillary, 100g liquid anhydrous hydrogen cyanide so slowly and under
simultaneous addition of more chlorine that the yellow color of the mixture never vanishes and chlorine is always present in excess.
If done correctly, this takes about 4-5 hours.
The mixture is left by itself in the freezing mixture, which is not being replenished. After this time, the TCT has crystallized in 7-8cm large,
lustrous monoclinic prisms. The further conduct of the synthesis is done like above (distillation I assume).
This way, 110g, 105g, 110g, 120g TCT have been obtained from 100g HCN each in several subsequent batches.
I think it is obvious that the first method is more practical- I mean, adding liquid HCN from a dropping funnel?
The HCN may be conveniently weighed by liquifying it, but it seems way more convenient to first completely dissolve it in chloroform and then pass in
the chlorine.
The HCl which is necessary for the trimerization as you say is generated by the reaction of HCN with Cl2.
But HCl alone is obviously not enough, as the synthesis is said to always fail, without exception, when the chloroform does not contain ethanol.
I think these methods, which trimerize the ClCN in the same pot as it is made are maybe somewhat safer than those (from Brauer) who first isolate the
ClCN as a substance, though those again have the advantage of avoiding work with free HCN.
As ClCN is considerably more toxic than HCN (ClCN poisoning causes pulmonary edema by its strong irritating action to the lungs, rather than any
toxicity by the HCN liberated by hydrolysis), I would prefer working with liquid HCN over working with liquid ClCN.
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Sauron
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In the group lab where I started as a research assistant, in one corner of the large room which had I think three or four 2 meter hoods, was a solvent
still with a Kg of neat HCN refluxing. One or another f the group would occasionally draw off a small amount to use. My hood was a couple over. That
was the one with the phosgene and ClCN half-cylinders down in the cabinet corroding away. I never messed with the HCN nor with the aging tanks, which
were about 15 cm wide and 25 high. Nowdays I suppose everyone would be in moon suits.
Anyway, it's your call. BTW I was aways taught that ClCN has both PE and cyanotic action, and that the latter does not depend on hydrolysis. Cyanogen
itself (CN)2 acts like HCN, ClCN is basically an interhalogen as -CN is a pseudohalogen. But, it doesn't matter. The salient point is not to breathe
it. Also its lung irritant action is more like phosgene and less like chlorine, I suppose because the -CN group is so electronegative.
The military did not like ClCN much as it tended to eat everything they put it in and also has this nasty lil expl polymerization problem.
Very common practice to employ a small percentage of alcohol to stabilize chloroform, it absorbs phosgene which otherwise is autocatalytic in
decomposition of CHCl3 and turns it into diethyl carbonate. So maybe phosgene negatively catalyzes this trimerization.
Benzene is alternate solvent. (sayeth Ullmann)
Here's the Lonza patent (1958)
They use dimethyl ether (not diethyl) azeotrope w/HCl as medium, this has a -2 C bp and the reflux serves to remove heat of reaction which they say
otherwise leads to losses of ClCN and HCN.
Also yes the rxn releases HCl but they claim (and so does Ullmann) that additional HCl is used because the trimerization rate depends on HCl
concentration. Higher rates achieved by adding more HCl than is generated internally. Anyway read the thing and see what you think.
[Edited on 17-4-2007 by Sauron]
Attachment: 2838512[2].pdf (159kB)
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chemrox
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CNCl
An old adc guy whose stupidities included getting himself imprisoned by spilling his guts to the FL drug cops wrote a "FAQ" on making CNBr which may
still be available in hive or rhodium archives .. anyway he was making the stuff in his apartment and woke up on the floor. He was very lucky. He
was using an improvised 'hood'. I believe the design is another "FAQ" of his. The moral is: don't screw with this stuff .. if you like danger make
nitro this or that .. much more fun.
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Sauron
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There are amateurs who are better equipped than some professionals and who have all the same skills. Read Org.Syn. Plenty of procedures employing HCN
neat. NINE procedures with ClCN, more with BrCN, many with phosgene and many with H2S. H2S is the #2 killer in the petrochem industry, but it has not
been demonized like those others.
But for joe average amateur with no hood and no SCBA I'd second your advice.
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jon
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what about using the sodium salt instead to prepare the cyanogen it seems safer to me, I know it can be done. one can blanket the sodium salt
(undissolved) using chlorine gas with a series of ballons attached in line to aqaurium hose fitted with t-junctions the ballons act as a reservoir.
the setup would be A: chlorine generator goes to B: the reaction vessel which goes to C: the line of reservoir ballons.
once the cyanogen is generated you can add the solvent and filter off the salt and allow to trimerize.
to answer the question does the sodium salt react with halogens?
yes look at some of the BrCN procedures used in 4-MAR production they use the salt in methanol and add bromine to it this forms the cyanogen.
a side note I've read warnings that cyanogen halides and acids produce a violent exothermic reaction so you could very well end up with a plume of
noxious cyanogens if your not careful one of the reasons a buffer is used in 4-mar synthesis.
[Edited on 17-4-2007 by jon]
[Edited on 17-4-2007 by jon]
[Edited on 17-4-2007 by jon]
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tupence_hapeny
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Here are two patents on the conversion of phthalic anhydride to phthaloyl chloride using phosgene (US Patent No.7154003 & US Patent App. No.2006/0122426 A1). They both use phosgene to chorinate the phthalic anhydride - however both achieve this end via the use of
n,n-dialkyl-formamides, and as such achieve the chlorination of phthalic anhydride not directly from phosgene, but rather via the product of phosgene
and the n,n-dialkyl-formamides (aka alpha-chloro-enamines), the uses of which are varied and quite interesting (such as chlorinating acyl chlorides for grignard reactions).
Obviously the reaction between cyanuric acid (which is a formamide derivative itself is it not?) is somewhat analogous to the preparation of
a-chloro-enamines, so the procedure alluded to above should be of some interest.
tup
[Edited on 23-5-2007 by tupence_hapeny]
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Sauron
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What leads you to conclude that cyanuric acid is a formaldehyde derivative?
Cyanuric acid is the trimer of HCN
Cyanuric chloride is the trimer of cyanogen chloride
No formaldehyde involved.
If you examine the structures of these and their tautomeric relatives you will find not a single methylene group to be had.
Cyanuric chloride is C3N3Cl3
Cyanuric acid is C3H3N3O3 and the hydrogens are on oxygen not carbon.
You are thinking of OTHER s-triazines, like RDX's parent skeleton cyclotrimethylenetriamine (which is of course NOT how one makes RDX...)
But cyanuric acid and cyanuric acid aren't formaldehyde derivatives unless you want to argue that HCN is a "formaldehyde derivative" -- which it
isn't.
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tupence_hapeny
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Sauron,
I didn't say it was a 'formaldehdye derivative', instead I stated that for this purpose it should be seen as a 'formamide'
derivative... The reason for which is so that it may be seen that it forms a form of a-chloro--enamine, which I suggest may explain it's power as a
chlorinating agent. The basis of my claiming that it should be regarded as a formamide derivative is drawn from it's structure.
Here is the structure of cyanuric acid - note its two forms - both ((CO)NH)3 & ((COH)N)3:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanuric_acid
Here is the structure of formamide - HCONH2:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formamide
In both cases the carbon is attached to an oxygen (either O or OH) and a nitrogen (n or NH) so I suggest that it should be treated (for the purpose of
discussion only) as a similar compound - particularly with regard to its ability to form the basis of a-chloro-enamines (or whatever else TCT may be).
In fact, I may go further, for it is a cyclic version of a molecule differing from formamide by 2 hydrogens only - I would therefore suggest that it
is nothing less than an oxidised form of formamide.
NOW
For all those reading this topic,
Phosgene is NO JOKE - it killed more people than any of the other war gasses in WWI - although people claim it was the deadliest chemical - which it
most assuredly was not - TNT would take that title (nitrocellulose would not be far behind).
However, it is seriously nasty - a GOOD fume hood is the least of it, supplied or self-contained breathing air, a face shield etc. should be on when
using this shit. Also, do not pump the hood into the air - this shit is denser than air and will kill you, your family, your dogs, etc. (or worse,
your neighbours). There is no antidote and symptoms may take up to 48-72 hours to appear (the later the better). Treatment will save you - however, it
will cause chronic lung damage - this is why so many WWI veterans died in the 1920's & '30's & those that didn't die young lived miserable...
To destroy it, react it with water - the reaction with air is too fucking slow apparently
Also, when prior to removing protective gear, wash EVERYTHING with lots of water and soap - then as it is removed - wash exposed skin thoroughly just
in fucking case.
For details on this shit, see here:
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts176.html
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic905.htm
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/cheminfo/...
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/phosgene/basics/facts.asp
tup
PS If you don't have access to a hood, plastic chem suit, helmet w facemask, gloves and a scuba tank w mask - don't even fucking think about it.
We are all the sum of our experiences, and our reactions to the same
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Sauron
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I reiterate: formamide is just as irrelevant as formaldehyde, to cyanuric acid, isocyanuric acid, cyanuric chloride and trichlotoisocyanuric acid.
The last one (TCCA) is the only chloro-enamine of the lot and it is made by chlorinating isocyanuric acid with Cl2. You can regenerate spent TCCA that
way.
But cyanuric acid which is mostly in the isocyanuric form aty all times, is NOT prepared from formamide, it is prepared by the trimerization of HCN.
HCN has a nasty habit of trimerizing on its own, explosively. Cyanogen chloride likewise trimerizes to CC (TCT) and that is the basis of its
manufacture. All of the manufacturers of CC list it as part of their HCN product famil alone with malononitrile and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate.
You are simply trying to use a far fetched description of cyanuric acid and its relatives as formamide derivatives to justify interjecting a pair of
patents about phosgene chlorination of phthalic anhydride into this thread where they really do not belong.
NO ONE is going to opt to prepare phthaloyl chloride from phosgene rather than with benzotrichloride, precisely because phosgene is every bit as nasty
as you say.
Benzotrichloride is lachrymatory, but it is unlikely to kill you. It can be purchased freely, or made by perchlorinating toluene.
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Maya
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Would it be too presumptous to assume that cyanogen bromide would also undergo the analogous reaction?
Assuming I had cyanogen bromide but not the chloride?
\"Prefiero ser yo extranjero en otras patrias, a serlo en la mia\"
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Nicodem
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| Quote: | Originally posted by tupence_hapeny
Phosgene is NO JOKE - it killed more people than any of the other war gasses in WWI - although people claim it was the deadliest chemical - which it
most assuredly was not - TNT would take that title (nitrocellulose would not be far behind). |
I really don't know what to think when I see someone so clueless about chemistry wiseassing with safety warnings. With all the misinformation you
provide on daily basis, someone might be mislead to think this one about phosgene is just another one in the series. If it is so dangerous (and it
really is!) then why you posted such a complicated, dangerous and tedious method for preparing phthaloyl chloride at all? As if there were no
alternatives! Up to now I already figured it out that one of your aims is to make simple chemical transformation look terribly impossible for the
average amateur though I have no idea why are you doing this, and if you are doing it consciously at all! But could you at least be so considerate to
explain what the relevance of your post to this thread is? Not to mention your other off topic posts in the last week!
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Sauron
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@Maya
Sartori in THE WAR GASES (q.v.) states that BrCN slowly polymerizes to cyanuric bromide, its trimer. He also states that distillation regenerates the
cyanogen bromide. BrCN is of course a solid at ordinary temperatures while (BrCN)3 is a high melting solid with an mp somewhat higher than TCT - just
as would be expected.
Therefore I would say your supposition was correct and that the accelerated trimerization of BrCN might be exploitable at a preparative route to TBT.
Alternative routes to TBT from TCT exist but are less attractive (except in that they do not involve handling toxic BrCN). See below
Some references to the other cyanuric halides:
J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 1020 - 1026, DOI: 10.1039/JR9640001020
197. 1,3,5-Triazines. Part IV. Phosphino-1,3,5-triazines
W. Hewertson, R. A. Shaw and B. C. Smith
"Extraction of the resulting oily solid with light petroleum (b. p.. 60---80°) left a colourless solid. Sublimation at 100-120"/01 mm. gave cyanuric
bromide ..."
Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1962, 16, 1 - 18, DOI: 10.1039/QR9621600001
Direct structural evidence for weak charge-transfer bonds in solids containing chemically saturated molecules
O. Hassel and Chr. Rømming
"The struc-. tures of cyanuric bromide and iodide probably contain planar arrangements. corresponding to that of the cyanuric chloride (Fig. 9). ..."
Apparently all four cyanuric halides exist and have been characterized, but only TCT has achieved industrial importance and been commoditized, which
it is why it is so reradily available and inexpensive as a lab reagent. Thank you, agro-industry!
There are a bevy of patents naming cyanuric bromide, etc as intermediates, just Google on cyanuric bromide and it will spew them forth. I will
concentrate on the chemical literature proper as it is more likely to give us clues as to preparation, stability, etc.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/fhl4brxj6j0bqmad/
1,3,5-Triazin-2,4,6-trisulfenyltrichlorid: Schwingungsspektren und Molekülstruktur
Journal Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly
Publisher Springer Wien
ISSN 0026-9247 (Print) 1434-4475 (Online)
Issue Volume 129, Number 2 / February, 1998
DOI 10.1007/PL00010150
Pages 139-149
Robert Tripolt1, Edgar Nachbaur1
1Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Abstract
Summary. The IR, FIR, and Raman (solution and solid state) spectra of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trisulfenyltrichloride ((NCSCl)3) were investigated for the
first time. It was possible to identify all fundamentals in the solid state spectra which were assigned on the basis of a planar molecular structure
with C3h symmetry. On the other hand, the solution spectra reveal unambiguously the presence of a conformer of lower symmetry (Cs) in equilibrium with
the C3h isomer. Calculations employing the density functional theory were performed (B3LYP/6-31G*). A comparative discussion of the vibrational
spectra of (NCSCl)3 (C3h) with respect to those of cyanuric fluoride ((NCF)3), cyanuric chloride ((NCCl)3), and cyanuric bromide ((NCBr)3) reveal a
significant dependence of the vibrational situation within the 6-membered heterocyclic ring system on the different substituents in 2,4,6-position.
Some modes of 2,4,6-trihalogeno-1,3,5-triazines have been reassigned, e.g. the normal mode v12 of 2,4,6-trifluoro-1,3,5- triazine.
[Edited on 24-5-2007 by Sauron]
[Edited on 25-5-2007 by Sauron]
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Organikum
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Ullmanns is known to to be horribly incorrect in patent references be warned! Simple mistakes like confusing ethelene glycol with glycolic acid make
some big differnces in reasons of practicabiliy.
[Edited on 5-24-2007 by Polverone]
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Organikum
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There was no technically relevant content in this post.
[Edited on 5-24-2007 by Polverone]
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Sauron
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Aldrich sells cyanuric fluoride CAS 675-14-9
It is described as reagent for preparation on carboxylic fluorides. References:
3. G.A. Olah et al. Synthesis, 487, (1973)
4. M.J.S. Dewar, I.J. Turchi J. Org. Chem. 40, 1521, (1975)
Pretty stellar authors: Olah and Dewar! I will retrieve these (have one on my hard disk) and post them here.
The Olah article describes preparation of cyanuric fluoride from CC and dry HF in polyolefin apparatus. Yield 75% and can be improved upon by
recycling byproducts cyanuric difluoride chloride and cyanuric dichloride fluoride.
The Dewar article simply includes a modification of Olah's procedure for preparaing carboxylic acid fluorides so I will not post it here.
-----------------
I found a description of the preparation of cyanuric bromide (TBT) but I doubt it is very preparatively useful. It starts from TCT, proceeds through
tris(disalkylphosphino)-s-triazines which are cleaved with Br2 then the product liberated with dry SO2, all this was done on a low gram scale. TBT is
a colorless solid mp 265 C.
It is stated that pure cyanuric iodide has not yet been prepared.
What I am still looking for is practical preparative method for cyanuric halides other than the chloride from the corresponding cyanogen halides.
[Edited on 24-5-2007 by Sauron]
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tupence_hapeny
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| Quote: | Nicodem said
But could you at least be so considerate to explain what the relevance of your post to this thread is? Not to mention your other off topic posts in
the last week! |
Nice to see ya, my point was (and here sauron is wrong, TCCA has the N-Cl bond, chloro-enamines have a C-Cl bond - just like CC) that cyanuric
chloride is basically an a-chloroenamine (namely the chlorine is attached to the a-carbon of a compound with a C-N linkage). Thus it is of the same
family of compounds as the ones that do the work in BOTH of the irrelevant patents cited - a-chloro-enamines and as such could be achieved to via
phosgene and cyanuric acid - which insofar as the intrinsic danger of the reactions is a tossup with the one suggested - using cyanide to make
cyanogen chloride if I read it right? It all comes down to whether one wishes to die with the lingering smell of hay or almonds, right?
Anyhow, as to the relationship between nitriles etc. and formamide/methylamine, see this - wouldn't this make methylamine from cyanuric acid?
http://www.4shared.com/file/16577479/b02e4474/Gowda_S_D_Hydr...
tup
We are all the sum of our experiences, and our reactions to the same
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Nicodem
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Formaly, the total hydrogenation of any cyanogen halide, HCN and HOCN gives methylamine. But the (formal) hydrogenation of cyanuric acid, cyanuric
chloride or s-triazine gives a mixture of methylamine, dimethylamine and ammonia. Mind that these transformation are only formal! In reality
they might be near to impossible to accomplish and the side reactions in the reduction of the listed monomeric species also give dimethylamine and
ammonia.
[Edited on by Nicodem]
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Sauron
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I prefer to adhere to the classification of derivatives as arising from what they ACTUALLY derive from.
Lonza and the other makers of cyanuric chloride place it in their HCN platform because they make it from HCN.
They also place malononitrile in same platform because it too is produced from HCN.
In classifying nitriles, HCN and cyanogen are the root. There are no simpler compounds with a C-N triple bond. While any competent organicker will
recognize that dehydration of formamide would giv rise to HCN, just as dehydration of acetamide produces acetonitrile, nitriles are not regarded as
derivatives of carboxylic acid amides.
I cited a reaction that will WORK. Tup proposed a reaction that has not been demonstrated, on the basis of his unsupported opinion that TCT is derived
from formamide. I do not believe any reaction of any formamide with phosgene will give rise to any cyanuric acid derivative. I can show you how
acetonitrile can be used to produce SATURATED s-triazines related to RDX. In fact I have already done so on this form. Note, I said acetonitrile not
formamide and NO phosgene was involved. And anyway the products are not cyanuric acid derivatives unless you wanbt to stretch a point way past
absurdity.
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franklyn
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Cyanogen Cyanide chemistry
The Chemistry of Cyanogen Compounds and Their Manufacture and Estimation
Herbert E. Williams - 1915
http://books.google.com/books/pdf/The_Chemistry_of_Cyanogen_...
Also covers fulminate compounds
Page 177 gives this reference for Cyanuric chloride, needs phosphorus pentachloride though.
Beilstein, A., 116, 357
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S.C. Wack
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On page 10 of the above book is a mention of Liebig obtaining it by heating KSCN in chlorine. Watts had the citation and Gallica had the article, Pogg. Ann. (Annalen der Physik) 35, 604 (1835). The procedure yielded very badly but it is an alternative to
HCN.
Attachment: 604_609.pdf (195kB)
This file has been downloaded 1132 times
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Formatik
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Another way to obtain it without HCN is by heating dry cyanuric acid and PCl5: 3 PCl5 (s) + 2 (CNOH)3 (s) = 3 POCl3 (l) + 3 H2O (g) + 2 (CNCl)3 (s) +
76.8 Cal., this reaction is said to be strong, but still less exothermic than the chlorine and HCN (244.4 Cal.). This method is the one by Beilstein
in Annalen der Chemie, 116, 357. Also in place of HCN, moist Hg(CN)2 can be used as was done by Serullas (this is either in Ann. Chim. Phys. 35, 291;
337; or 38, 370).
[Edited on 2-6-2008 by Schockwave]
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Jor
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To many of us, PCl5 is not available. If one has PCl5, there's no need for TCT AFAIK
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