Difference between revisions of "Density"
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| style="text-align:center;"| 1.106 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1.106 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 15 °C<ref>http://www.megs.ca/MSDS/Pdf/Acetylene.PDF</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| At 15 °C<ref>http://www.megs.ca/MSDS/Pdf/Acetylene.PDF</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Diborane (gas) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1.131 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Carbon monoxide (gas) | | style="text-align:center;"| Carbon monoxide (gas) | ||
Line 303: | Line 307: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 666 | | style="text-align:center;"| 666 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Trimethylamine (liquid) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 670 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 0 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Dimethylamine (liquid) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 680.4 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 0 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ammonia (liquid) | | style="text-align:center;"| Ammonia (liquid) | ||
Line 575: | Line 587: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 860 | | style="text-align:center;"| 860 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Mixture of isomers, at 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| Mixture of isomers, at 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Cyclam | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 861 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (para) | | style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (para) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 861.04 | | style="text-align:center;"| 861.04 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Octyl acetate | | style="text-align:center;"| Octyl acetate | ||
Line 586: | Line 602: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (meta) | | style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (meta) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 864 | | style="text-align:center;"| 864 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| NaK (eutectic) | | style="text-align:center;"| NaK (eutectic) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 866 | | style="text-align:center;"| 866 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20°C; 77% K and 23% Na | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20°C; 77% K and 23% Na | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Toluene | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 867 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium ethoxide (21% EtOH solution) | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium ethoxide (21% EtOH solution) | ||
Line 599: | Line 619: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 868.4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 868.4 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Benzene | | style="text-align:center;"| Benzene | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 870 | | style="text-align:center;"| 870 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At standard conditions | | style="text-align:center;"| At standard conditions | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Zingiberene | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 871.3 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Monomethylhydrazine | | style="text-align:center;"| Monomethylhydrazine | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 874 | | style="text-align:center;"| 874 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine | | style="text-align:center;"| Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine | ||
Line 618: | Line 638: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (orto) | | style="text-align:center;"| Xylene (orto) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 880.1 | | style="text-align:center;"| 880.1 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Alum (lumpy) | | style="text-align:center;"| Alum (lumpy) | ||
Line 626: | Line 646: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Butyl acetate | | style="text-align:center;"| Butyl acetate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 882.5 | | style="text-align:center;"| 882.5 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| n-Butyl acetate, at | + | | style="text-align:center;"| n-Butyl acetate, at 20 °C<ref>Haynes, W.M. (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 2010-2011, p. 3-76</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene oxide | | style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene oxide | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 882.6 | | style="text-align:center;"| 882.6 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 10 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Tetrahydrofuran | | style="text-align:center;"| Tetrahydrofuran | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 887.49 | | style="text-align:center;"| 887.49 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Menthol | | style="text-align:center;"| Menthol | ||
Line 654: | Line 674: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Aerozine 50 | | style="text-align:center;"| Aerozine 50 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 900 | | style="text-align:center;"| 900 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Paraffin wax | | style="text-align:center;"| Paraffin wax | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 900 | | style="text-align:center;"| 900 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ethyl acetate | | style="text-align:center;"| Ethyl acetate | ||
Line 750: | Line 770: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Methyl acetate | | style="text-align:center;"| Methyl acetate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 934.2 | | style="text-align:center;"| 934.2 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Curcumin | | style="text-align:center;"| Curcumin | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 934.8 | | style="text-align:center;"| 934.8 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 15 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 15 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Pentanoic acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Pentanoic acid | ||
Line 762: | Line 782: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Dimethylformamide | | style="text-align:center;"| Dimethylformamide | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 945 | | style="text-align:center;"| 945 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ricinoleic acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Ricinoleic acid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 945 | | style="text-align:center;"| 945 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Straus; Heinze; Salzmann; Chemische Berichte; vol. 66; (1933); p. 638</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Cyclohexanone | | style="text-align:center;"| Cyclohexanone | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 947.8 | | style="text-align:center;"| 947.8 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Beeswax | | style="text-align:center;"| Beeswax | ||
Line 778: | Line 798: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Butyric acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Butyric acid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 952.8 | | style="text-align:center;"| 952.8 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Cyclohexanol | | style="text-align:center;"| Cyclohexanol | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 962.4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 962.4 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Methyl cellosolve | | style="text-align:center;"| Methyl cellosolve | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 965 | | style="text-align:center;"| 965 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium | ||
Line 794: | Line 814: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Tetralin | | style="text-align:center;"| Tetralin | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 970 | | style="text-align:center;"| 970 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Furan | | style="text-align:center;"| Furan | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 973.1 | | style="text-align:center;"| 973.1 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Khusimol | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 974 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Nigam; Radecka; Komae; Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; vol. 57; nb. 6; (1968); p. 1029 - 1030</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Acetylacetone | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 975 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Thymol blue | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 979 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Methyl formate | | style="text-align:center;"| Methyl formate | ||
Line 818: | Line 850: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Propionic acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Propionic acid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 987.97 | | style="text-align:center;"| 987.97 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Benzylacetone | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 989 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 867: | Line 903: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,004 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| (0.9% NaCl) | | style="text-align:center;"| (0.9% NaCl) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Phenylacetone | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,005.6 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Kuroyan, R. A.; Markosyan, A. I.; Engoyan, A. P.; Vartanyan, S. A.; Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation); vol. 19; (1983); p. 1709 - 1714; Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii; vol. 19; nb. 9; (1983); p. 1947 - 1953,</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Morpholine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,007 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Phenol | | style="text-align:center;"| Phenol | ||
Line 915: | Line 959: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,017 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,017 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Eosin Y | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,018 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Benzyl cyanide | | style="text-align:center;"| Benzyl cyanide | ||
Line 998: | Line 1,046: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Tetrabutyltin | | style="text-align:center;"| Tetrabutyltin | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,054 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,054 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Ethyl cyanoacrylate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,060 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,010: | Line 1,062: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium borohydride | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium borohydride | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,074 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,074 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Phenylacetaldehyde | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,079 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,095: | Line 1,151: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,110 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,110 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2-Mercaptoethanol | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,114 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene glycol | | style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene glycol | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,115 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,115 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium cyanoborohydride | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,120 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Triethanolamine | | style="text-align:center;"| Triethanolamine | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,124.2 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,124.2 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| PLX (Picatinny Liquid Explosive) | | style="text-align:center;"| PLX (Picatinny Liquid Explosive) | ||
Line 1,110: | Line 1,174: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Formamide | | style="text-align:center;"| Formamide | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,133 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,133 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Triethyl citrate | | style="text-align:center;"| Triethyl citrate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,136.9 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,136.9 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Nitromethane | | style="text-align:center;"| Nitromethane | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,137.1 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,137.1 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-414</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Glyoxal | | style="text-align:center;"| Glyoxal | ||
Line 1,143: | Line 1,207: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,150 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,150 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Fluorenol | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,151 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Banerjee; Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie; vol. 100; (1939); p. 316 - 330</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Oxygen (liquid) | | style="text-align:center;"| Oxygen (liquid) | ||
Line 1,155: | Line 1,223: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,159.4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,159.4 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Diphenylamine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,160 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Potassium hypochlorite | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium hypochlorite | ||
Line 1,213: | Line 1,285: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Quinine | | style="text-align:center;"| Quinine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,200 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium triacetoxyborohydride | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,200 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,200 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
Line 1,223: | Line 1,299: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,201 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,201 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Fluorene | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,203 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 0 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sorbic acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Sorbic acid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,204 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,204 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Atropine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,205 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Vafai; Drake; Smith Jr.; Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data; vol. 38; nb. 1; (1993); p. 125 - 127</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Lactic acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Lactic acid | ||
Line 1,251: | Line 1,335: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,214.4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,214.4 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Crystal violet | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,219 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Berkman; Zocher; Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie, Stoechiometrie und Verwandtschaftslehre; vol. 124; | ||
+ | (1926); p. 325</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Acetone peroxide | | style="text-align:center;"| Acetone peroxide | ||
Line 1,263: | Line 1,352: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,220 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,220 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 50% wt. aq. solution | | style="text-align:center;"| 50% wt. aq. solution | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Methyl yellow | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,223.3 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Whitaker, A.; Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research; vol. 22; nb. 2; (1992); p. 151 - 155</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Hydroxylamine | | style="text-align:center;"| Hydroxylamine | ||
Line 1,283: | Line 1,376: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,240 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,240 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Xanthatin | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,241 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 21.84 °C<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201406461 Shang, Hai; Liu, Junhua; Bao, Ruiyang; Cao, Yu; Zhao, Kun; Xiao, Chengqian; Zhou, Bing; Hu, Lihong; Tang, Yefeng; Angewandte Chemie - International Edition; vol. 53; nb. 52; (2014); p. 14494 - 14498; Angew. Chem.; vol. 126; nb. 52; (2014); p. 14722 - 14726,4]</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | ||
Line 1,323: | Line 1,420: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,280 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,280 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C<ref>Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. B-54</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C<ref>Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. B-54</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Anthracene | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,280 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Methyl orange | | style="text-align:center;"| Methyl orange | ||
Line 1,343: | Line 1,444: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,290 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,290 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,300 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Aluminium chloride (hexahydrate) | | style="text-align:center;"| Aluminium chloride (hexahydrate) | ||
Line 1,391: | Line 1,496: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,325.3 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,325.3 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Boron trichloride | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,326 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 12 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Dichloromethane | | style="text-align:center;"| Dichloromethane | ||
Line 1,415: | Line 1,524: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,345.9 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,345.9 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Indigo dye | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,350 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Resiniferatoxin | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,350 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Guanidinium chloride | | style="text-align:center;"| Guanidinium chloride | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,354 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,354 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Strychnine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,359 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Clarke; Chemische Berichte; vol. 12; (1879); p. 1399</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Potassium sorbate | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium sorbate | ||
Line 1,479: | Line 1,600: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,404 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,404 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Cyanoguanidine | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,404 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Thiourea | | style="text-align:center;"| Thiourea | ||
Line 1,494: | Line 1,619: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene glycol dinitrate<ref>Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-232</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| Ethylene glycol dinitrate<ref>Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-232</ref> | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,419.8 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,419.8 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C |
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Honey | | style="text-align:center;"| Honey | ||
Line 1,558: | Line 1,683: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium acetate (trihydrate) | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium acetate (trihydrate) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,450 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,450 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Iron pentacarbonyl | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,453 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,591: | Line 1,720: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,467 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,467 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Isatin | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,472 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Palenik, Gus J.; Koziol, Anna E.; Katritzky, Alan R.; Fan, Wei-Qiang; Journal of the Chemical Society. Chemical | ||
+ | communications; nb. 9; (1990); p. 715 - 716</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Niacin | | style="text-align:center;"| Niacin | ||
Line 1,872: | Line 2,006: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,634 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,634 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Zachariasen, W. H.; Mooney, R. L.; Journal of Chemical Physics; vol. 2; (1934); p. 34</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Zachariasen, W. H.; Mooney, R. L.; Journal of Chemical Physics; vol. 2; (1934); p. 34</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Fumaric acid | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,635 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Potassium hydrogen phthalate | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium hydrogen phthalate | ||
Line 2,056: | Line 2,194: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,740 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,740 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Picramic acid | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,749 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Inositol | | style="text-align:center;"| Inositol | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,752 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,752 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Chlorosulfuric acid | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,753 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Methylene blue | | style="text-align:center;"| Methylene blue | ||
Line 2,184: | Line 2,330: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,850 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,850 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Trihydrate | | style="text-align:center;"| Trihydrate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Xylitol pentanitrate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,852 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium sulfide (anhydrous) | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium sulfide (anhydrous) | ||
Line 2,195: | Line 2,345: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Chromium(III) sulfate (pentadecahydrate) | | style="text-align:center;"| Chromium(III) sulfate (pentadecahydrate) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,860 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,860 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Cobalt(II) nitrate (hexahydrate) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,870 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 2,260: | Line 2,414: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,900 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,900 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Average human bone | | style="text-align:center;"| Average human bone | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Chloral hydrate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,908.1 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene | ||
Line 2,412: | Line 2,570: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,030 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,030 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium azide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,038 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane | | style="text-align:center;"| Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane | ||
Line 2,524: | Line 2,686: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,170 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,170 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Oxone | | style="text-align:center;"| Oxone | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Barium hydroxide (octahydrate) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,180 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium bromide (dihydrate) | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium bromide (dihydrate) | ||
Line 2,552: | Line 2,718: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,200 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,200 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Nitronium perchlorate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,200 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>Truter, M. R.; Cruickshank, D. W. J.; Jeffrey, G. A.; Acta Crystallographica; vol. 13; (1960); p. 855 - 862</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Polytetrafluoroethylene | | style="text-align:center;"| Polytetrafluoroethylene | ||
Line 2,572: | Line 2,742: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,220 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,220 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Copper(II) perchlorate (hexahydrate) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,225 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Lead(IV) acetate | | style="text-align:center;"| Lead(IV) acetate | ||
Line 2,795: | Line 2,969: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium hexametaphosphate | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium hexametaphosphate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,484 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,484 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Cobalt(II) nitrate (anhydrous) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,490 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 2,804: | Line 2,982: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,499.4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,499.4 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Boron carbide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,500 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Average density | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Cyanuric acid | | style="text-align:center;"| Cyanuric acid | ||
Line 2,863: | Line 3,045: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Sodium silicate | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium silicate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,610 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,610 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Aluminium iodide (hexahydrate) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,630 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 3,032: | Line 3,218: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,936 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,936 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Rubidium azide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,937 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Xenon (liquid) | | style="text-align:center;"| Xenon (liquid) | ||
Line 3,184: | Line 3,374: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,338 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,338 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | | style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium bromate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,339 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Calcium oxide | | style="text-align:center;"| Calcium oxide | ||
Line 3,212: | Line 3,406: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,490 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,490 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At standard conditions | | style="text-align:center;"| At standard conditions | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Caesium azide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,500 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous) | | style="text-align:center;"| Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous) | ||
Line 3,251: | Line 3,449: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Phosphorus pentabromide | | style="text-align:center;"| Phosphorus pentabromide | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,610 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,610 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium periodate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,618 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 3,275: | Line 3,477: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Strontium carbonate | | style="text-align:center;"| Strontium carbonate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,740 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,740 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Barium hydroxide (monohydrate) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,743 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 3,296: | Line 3,502: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,856 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,856 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Potassium iodate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,890 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Chloroauric acid (anhydrous) | | style="text-align:center;"| Chloroauric acid (anhydrous) | ||
Line 3,312: | Line 3,522: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,960 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,960 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Aluminium iodide (anhydrous) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 3,980 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Caesium chloride | | style="text-align:center;"| Caesium chloride | ||
Line 3,368: | Line 3,582: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,240 | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,240 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | | style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver formate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,250 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022459616304601 Anna N. Puzan, Vyacheslav N. Baumer, Pavel V. Mateychenko, Journal of Solid State Chemistry Volume 246, February 2017, Pages 264-268, "Structure and decomposition of the silver formate Ag(HCO2)"]</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Cadmium carbonate | | style="text-align:center;"| Cadmium carbonate | ||
Line 3,408: | Line 3,626: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,420 | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,420 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver chlorate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,443 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Silver nitrite | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver nitrite | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,453 | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,453 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver acetylide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,470 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Yttrium | | style="text-align:center;"| Yttrium | ||
Line 3,423: | Line 3,649: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Barium chromate | | style="text-align:center;"| Barium chromate | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,498 | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,498 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Barium hydroxide (anhydrous) | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,500 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 3,428: | Line 3,658: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,500 | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,500 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver permanganate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,500 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 25 °C<ref>[https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/zkri.1984.169.14.295/html Chang, Fung Ming; Jansen, Martin; Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie; ; vol. 169; (1984); p. 295 - 298]</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Caesium iodide | | style="text-align:center;"| Caesium iodide | ||
Line 3,496: | Line 3,730: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,026 | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,026 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver oxalate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,066 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Naumov, Dmitry Yu.; Virovets, Alexander V.; Podberezskaya, Nina V.; Boldyreva Elena V.; Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications; vol. 51; (1995); p. 60 - 62</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Bismuth sulfate | | style="text-align:center;"| Bismuth sulfate | ||
Line 3,515: | Line 3,753: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Antimony(III) oxide (α-form) | | style="text-align:center;"| Antimony(III) oxide (α-form) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,200 | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,200 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Titanium nitride | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,210 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 3,540: | Line 3,782: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,500 | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,500 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At room temperature | | style="text-align:center;"| At room temperature | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver chloride | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,560 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Zinc oxide | | style="text-align:center;"| Zinc oxide | ||
Line 3,552: | Line 3,798: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,675 | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,675 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0921453494005621 Wong-Ng, W.; Roth, R. S.; Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications (Amsterdam); vol. 233; (1994); p. 97 - 101]</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0921453494005621 Wong-Ng, W.; Roth, R. S.; Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications (Amsterdam); vol. 233; (1994); p. 97 - 101]</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver iodide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,675 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Barium oxide | | style="text-align:center;"| Barium oxide | ||
Line 3,648: | Line 3,898: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 6,470 | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,470 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1005</ref> | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C<ref>Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1005</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver bromide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,473 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Praseodymium (liquid) | | style="text-align:center;"| Praseodymium (liquid) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 6,500 | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,500 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | | style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Sodium bismuthate | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,500 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Zirconium | | style="text-align:center;"| Zirconium | ||
Line 3,708: | Line 3,966: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 7,130 | | style="text-align:center;"| 7,130 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | | style="text-align:center;"| At melting point | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Silver oxide | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 7,140 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Zinc | | style="text-align:center;"| Zinc | ||
Line 4,194: | Line 4,456: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Bronze (phosphorus) | | style="text-align:center;"| Bronze (phosphorus) | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 8,780 - 8,920 | | style="text-align:center;"| 8,780 - 8,920 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| C-4 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,726.58 - 1,750 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="text-align:center;"| Petroleum ether | | style="text-align:center;"| Petroleum ether | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 600 - 800 | | style="text-align:center;"| 600 - 800 | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| Polystyrene | ||
+ | | style="text-align:center;"| 960 - 1050 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | | style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C | ||
|- | |- |
Latest revision as of 20:07, 13 March 2024
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The term density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ, and sometimes the letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:
- ρ = m/V
Where m = mass of the substance, V = volume.
Density is measured in g/cm3 or kg/m3.
The density of a substance is influenced by a variety of factors, such as pressure or temperature. They have little influence for most solid materials, but there's a significant effect on the density of solids and fluids.
Density is calculated depending on the type of material:
- Homogeneous materials: The density at all regions of a homogeneous object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.
- Heterogeneous materials: The density varies between different regions of the object. The density of heterogeneous materials is calculated by determining the densities of many small volumes around various locations of the said material.
- Non-compact materials: Materials such as flakes, pellets, granules or powders contain voids, such as air, water or other fluids. The density of such materials is determined by multiple methods, such as pycnometer method or mathematical expressions for various geometric shapes.
Contents
- 1 List of densities
- 1.1 Common densities
- 1.2 Density ranges for heterogeneous materials
- 1.3 Density of materials at different temperatures
- 1.3.1 Air
- 1.3.2 Ammonia
- 1.3.3 Ammonium acetate
- 1.3.4 Antimony(III) chloride
- 1.3.5 Argon
- 1.3.6 Benzaldehyde
- 1.3.7 Biuret
- 1.3.8 Butyric acid
- 1.3.9 Carbon dioxide
- 1.3.10 Carbon disulfide
- 1.3.11 Carbon monoxide
- 1.3.12 Carbon tetrachloride
- 1.3.13 Chloroform
- 1.3.14 Chromyl chloride
- 1.3.15 Dimethyl ether
- 1.3.16 Ethyl formate
- 1.3.17 Helium
- 1.3.18 Hydrazine
- 1.3.19 Hydrogen
- 1.3.20 Hydrogen fluoride
- 1.3.21 Ice
- 1.3.22 Iodine trichloride
- 1.3.23 Manganese heptoxide
- 1.3.24 Methane
- 1.3.25 Methanol
- 1.3.26 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
- 1.3.27 Methyl formate
- 1.3.28 NaK
- 1.3.29 Naphthalene
- 1.3.30 Nitrogen
- 1.3.31 Oxygen
- 1.3.32 Pentanol
- 1.3.33 Peracetic acid (40%)
- 1.3.34 Perchloric acid
- 1.3.35 Phenolphthalein
- 1.3.36 Phthalic anhydride
- 1.3.37 Potassium hydroxide
- 1.3.38 Propylene oxide
- 1.3.39 Pyruvic acid
- 1.3.40 Rubidium chloride
- 1.3.41 Silver nitrate
- 1.3.42 Silver sulfate
- 1.3.43 Sodium bisulfite
- 1.3.44 Sulfur dichloride
- 1.3.45 Thionyl chloride
- 1.3.46 Thiophene
- 1.3.47 Trimethyl phosphate
- 1.3.48 Water
- 2 References
List of densities
Common densities
Material | Density (kg/m3) | Notes |
---|---|---|
Hydrogen | 0.08988 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Helium | 0.146 | At 300 K and 101.325 kPa |
Aerographite | 0.2 | The air inside is excluded |
Ammonia (gas) | 0.73 | At 1.013 bar at 15 °C |
Neon (gas) | 0.9 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Metallic microlattice | 0.9 | The air inside is excluded |
Aerogel | 1.0 | The air inside is excluded |
Ethane (gas) | 1.0493 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Acetylene (gas) | 1.106 | At 15 °C[1] |
Diborane (gas) | 1.131 | |
Carbon monoxide (gas) | 1.145 | At 25 °C, 1 atm |
Ethylene (gas) | 1.178 | At 15 °C |
Nitrogen (gas) | 1.251 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Air | 1.29 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Oxygen (gas) | 1.308 | At 300 K (27 °C) |
Nitric oxide (gas) | 1.3402 | At standard conditions |
Nitrosyl chloride (gas) | 1.36 | At -5.7 °C |
Hydrogen sulfide (gas) | 1.363 | At standard conditions |
Phosphine (gas) | 1.379 | At 25 °C |
Methylamine (gas) | 1.4 | At atmospheric pressure |
Ethylamine (gas) | 1.61 | At 20 °C |
Hydrogen chloride (gas) | 1.693 | At standard conditions[2] |
Fluorine (gas) | 1.696 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Dinitrogen trioxide (gas) | 1.783 | |
Argon (gas) | 1.784 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Nitrous oxide (gas) | 1.8724 | At 15 °C and 1.013 bar |
Carbon dioxide (gas) | 1.977 | At 1 atm and 0 °C |
Carbon dioxide (gas) | 1.977 | At 1 atm and 0 °C |
Propane (gas) | 2.0098 | At 0 °C, 101.3 kPa |
Dimethyl ether (gas) | 2.1146 | At 1 atm and 0 °C |
Ozone (gas) | 2.144 | At 0 °C |
Chloromethane (gas) | 2.3065 | At 0 °C |
Cyanogen | 2.321 | At 0 °C |
Butane (gas) | 2.489 | n-Butane, at 20 °C and 1.013 bar |
Sulfur dioxide (gas) | 2.619 | At standard conditions |
Chlorine dioxide (gas) | 2.757 | |
Hydrogen iodide (gas) | 2.85 | At −47 °C |
Chlorine (gas) | 3.2 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Krypton (gas) | 3.749 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Phosgene (gas) | 4.248 | At 15 °C |
Xenon (gas) | 5.894 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Sulfur hexafluoride (gas) | 6.164 | At 1 bar and 20 °C |
Radon (gas) | 9.73 | 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Tungsten hexafluoride (gas) | 12.4 | Standard conditions |
Freon 12 (gas) | 36.83 | Standard conditions |
Hydrogen (liquid) | 70 | At –255 °C |
Styrofoam | 75 | Average type of styrofoam |
Hydrogen (slush) | 85 | At -259 °C |
Hydrogen (solid) | 86 | At <−259.14 °C |
Helium (liquid) | 147 | At 4 K |
Balsa | 200 | Average density |
Cork | 240 | Average type of cork |
Pumice | 250 | Average density |
Alfalfa (ground) | 256 | [3] |
Diatomaceous earth (powdered) | 256 | At standard conditions |
Pine | 373 | |
Asbestos fibers | 400 | |
Grain (oat) | 410 | |
Methane (liquid) | 422.62 | At 111.5 K |
Ethane (liquid) | 446 | At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
Lithium hypochlorite | 531 | At 20 °C |
Lithium | 535 | |
Corn starch (loosely packed) | 540 | Negligible moisture |
Grain (rice, rough) | 580 | |
Propane (liquid) | 590 | At -50 °C |
Grain (barley) | 620 | |
Pentane | 626.2 | n-Pentane, at 20 °C |
Corn starch (tightly packed) | 630 | Negligible moisture |
Grain (millet) | 640 | |
Hexane | 659 | n-Hexane, at 20 °C |
Methylamine (liquid) | 662.4 | At 25 °C[4] |
Lithium borohydride | 666 | |
Trimethylamine (liquid) | 670 | At 0 °C |
Dimethylamine (liquid) | 680.4 | At 0 °C |
Ammonia (liquid) | 681.9 | At boiling point |
Heptane | 683.8 | n-Heptane, at 20 °C |
Hydrogen cyanide | 687 | |
Ethylamine | 688 | At 15 °C |
Isopropylamine | 689.1 | At 20 °C |
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane | 691.94 | At 20°C[5] |
Acetylene (liquid) | 693 | At atmospheric pressure |
Wood | 700 | Seasoned, typical |
Octane | 703 | n-octane, at 20 °C |
Oak | 710 | Quercus robur timber |
Diethyl ether | 713.4 | At 20 °C |
Nonane | 718 | n-nonane, at 20 °C |
Grain (rye) | 720 | |
Grain (corn, shelled) | 720 | |
Aluminium silicate | 721 | |
Diisopropyl ether | 725.8 | At 20 °C |
Triethylamine | 727.5 | At 20 °C |
Decane | 730 | n-decane, at 20 °C |
Dimethyl ether (liquid) | 735 | At -25 °C |
Trimethylphosphine | 738 | At 20 °C |
Methyl tert-butyl ether | 740.5 | At 20 °C |
Grain (rice, hulled) | 750 | |
Alum (pulverized) | 753 | |
Di-tert-butyl ether | 764.2 | At 20 °C[6] |
Dibutyl ether | 768.27 | At 20 °C[7] |
Grain (flax) | 770 | |
Grain (wheat) | 770 | |
RP-1 | 773 | At 25 °C |
Cyclohexane | 778.1 | At 20 °C |
tert-Butanol | 778.6 | Solid, at 20°C[8] |
Lithium hydride | 780 | [9] |
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine | 783 | At 25°C |
Acetonitrile | 786 | Anhydrous, at 25 °C[10] |
Isopropanol | 786 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Carbon monoxide (liquid) | 789 | At boiling point |
Ethanol | 789 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Acetone | 790 | Anhydrous |
Methanol | 791.5 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Diesel | 800 | At standard conditions |
Ethanol 96% | 801.38 | At 20 °C[11] |
Isobutanol | 802 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Gasoline | 803 | Average type, standard conditions |
Propanol | 805.3 | n-Propanol, at 20 °C |
Methyl ethyl ketone | 806 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
sec-Butanol | 806.3 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Nitrogen (liquid) | 808 | At boiling point |
tert-Amyl alcohol | 809.6 | At 20 °C |
Butanol | 809.8 | n-Butanol, at 20 °C |
Borazine | 810 | |
Ethylamine (70%) | 810 | Aq. solution at 20 °C |
Kerosene | 810 | At standard conditions, standard composition |
Propionaldehyde | 810 | At 20 °C |
Pentanol | 814.6 | n-Pentanol, at 20 °C |
Formaldehyde | 815.3 | At −20 °C |
2-Octanone | 820 | At 20 °C[12] |
Lithium-6 deuteride | 820 | |
UH25 | 829 | At 25 °C |
Propylene oxide | 830.4 | At 20 °C |
Acrolein | 839 | |
Limonene | 841.1 | Average, at 20 °C |
ANFO (bulk) | 850 | Average, at standard conditions |
tert-Butyl chloride | 851 | At 25 °C |
Allyl alcohol | 854 | At 25 °C |
Triethyl borate | 858 | |
α-Pinene | 858 | At 20 °C |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | 860 | At 20 °C |
Potassium | 860 | |
Xylene (mixture) | 860 | Mixture of isomers, at 20 °C |
Cyclam | 861 | |
Xylene (para) | 861.04 | At 20 °C |
Octyl acetate | 863 | |
Xylene (meta) | 864 | At 20 °C |
NaK (eutectic) | 866 | At 20°C; 77% K and 23% Na |
Toluene | 867 | At 20 °C |
Sodium ethoxide (21% EtOH solution) | 868 | |
Isopropyl nitrite | 868.4 | |
Benzene | 870 | At standard conditions |
Zingiberene | 871.3 | |
Monomethylhydrazine | 874 | At 20 °C |
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine | 880 | |
Xylene (orto) | 880.1 | At 20 °C |
Alum (lumpy) | 881 | |
Butyl acetate | 882.5 | n-Butyl acetate, at 20 °C[13] |
Ethylene oxide | 882.6 | At 10 °C |
Tetrahydrofuran | 887.49 | At 20 °C |
Menthol | 890 | Racemic or (−)-isomer |
Decalin | 896 | Racemic, at 20 °C |
Ethylenediamine | 900 | At 20 °C |
Grain (corn, ear) | 900 | |
Aerozine 50 | 900 | At 25 °C |
Paraffin wax | 900 | At 20 °C |
Ethyl acetate | 900.3 | At 20 °C[14] |
Methyl isobutyl ketone | 902 | At 20 °C |
Styrene | 906 | At 20 °C |
Mayonnaise (traditional) | 910 | Traditional recipe |
Butter | 911 | |
Peanut oil | 914 | |
Palm oil | 915 | |
Trimethyl borate | 915 | At standard conditions |
Ice | 916.7 | At 0 °C |
Ethyl formate | 918 | At 20 °C |
Lithium aluminium hydride | 917 | |
Olive oil | 918 | |
Body fat | 918 | |
Lard | 919 | |
Corn oil | 922 | |
Eucalyptol | 922.5 | |
Coconut oil | 924 | |
Soya oil | 927 | |
Phenylacetylene | 928.1 | At 25 °C |
Dimethylzinc 2 M | 931 | 2 M solution in toluene at 25 °C |
Nitrous oxide (liquid) | 931 | At 0 °C at 31.1 bar |
Dimethyl dioxane | 932 | At 20 °C[15] |
Methyl acetate | 934.2 | At 20 °C |
Curcumin | 934.8 | At 15 °C |
Pentanoic acid | 939 | n-Pentanoic acid, at 20 ºC |
Dimethylformamide | 945 | At 20 °C |
Ricinoleic acid | 945 | At 20 °C[16] |
Cyclohexanone | 947.8 | At 20 °C |
Beeswax | 961 | Average density of most types of beeswax |
Butyric acid | 952.8 | At 25 °C |
Cyclohexanol | 962.4 | At 20 °C |
Methyl cellosolve | 965 | At 20 °C |
Sodium | 970 | |
Tetralin | 970 | At 20 °C |
Furan | 973.1 | At 20 °C |
Khusimol | 974 | [17] |
Acetylacetone | 975 | At 20 °C |
Thymol blue | 979 | |
Methyl formate | 980 | At 20 °C |
Benzylamine | 981 | At 20 °C |
Pyridine | 982.72 | At 20 °C |
Succinonitrile | 985 | At 25 °C |
Propionic acid | 987.97 | |
Benzylacetone | 989 | |
Hydrogen fluoride (liquid) | 990 | At 19.5 °C |
Camphor | 992 | |
Silicone | 993 | |
Milk (cow, heavy cream) | 994 | |
Anisole | 995 | |
Ammonium sulfide | 997 | |
Ferroin (0.1% solution) | 999 | At 25 °C |
Mayonnaise (light) | 1,000 | |
Water | 1,000 | At 4 °C |
Chloric acid | 1,000 | Estimated |
Chloromethane (liquid) | 1,003 | At -23.8 °C |
Saline water | 1,004 | (0.9% NaCl) |
Phenylacetone | 1,005.6 | At 20 °C[18] |
Morpholine | 1,007 | |
Phenol | 1,007 | |
Pilsner (beer) | 1,008 | At standard conditions |
Hydrazine | 1,008.5 | At 20 °C |
Nicotine | 1,009.25 | At 20 °C |
Ascaridole | 1,010 | |
Benzonitrile | 1,010 | At 20 °C |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate | 1,010 | |
Borneol | 1,011 | At 20 °C |
Milk (cow, light cream) | 1,012 | |
Propionic anhydride | 1,015 | At 20 °C |
Ethanolamine | 1,016.43 | At 20 °C |
Phenethyl alcohol | 1,017 | At 20 °C |
Eosin Y | 1,018 | |
Benzyl cyanide | 1,020 | At 20 °C |
Aniline | 1,021.7 | At 20 °C |
Sea water | 1,025 | Average density at the surface |
Naphthalene | 1,025.3 | At 20 °C |
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone | 1,027 | At 25 °C |
Acetophenone | 1,028 | |
Hexamethylphosphoramide | 1,030 | At 20 °C |
Milk (cow, whole) | 1,030 | At 20 °C |
1,4-Dioxane | 1,032.9 | At 20 °C[19] |
Milk (cow, skim) | 1,033 | |
Aluminium isopropoxide | 1,035 | |
Blood | 1,035 | |
Isopropyl nitrate | 1,036 | At 20 °C |
Propylene glycol | 1,036.1 | At 20 °C |
Benzaldehyde | 1,044 | At 20 °C |
Benzyl alcohol | 1,044 | At 20 °C |
Butylated hydroxytoluene | 1,048 | |
Acetic acid | 1,050 | |
Skin | 1,050 | |
Nitroethane | 1,054 | |
Tetrabutyltin | 1,054 | At 20 °C |
Ethyl cyanoacrylate | 1,060 | At 20 °C |
Human body (average) | 1,062 | |
Thiophene | 1,064.94 | At 20 °C |
Sodium borohydride | 1,074 | |
Phenylacetaldehyde | 1,079 | |
Sulfanilamide | 1,080 | At standard conditions |
Phenylacetic acid | 1,081 | At 25 °C |
Acetic anhydride | 1,082 | At 20 °C[20] |
Hydroxyacetone | 1,082 | At 25 °C |
Formalin | 1,090 | 37% aqueous solution, at 25 °C |
Hydrazoic acid | 1,090 | At 25 °C |
Quinoline | 1,093 | At 20 °C |
Diethanolamine | 1,097 | At 20 °C |
Safrole | 1,100 | |
Nitrous acid | 1,100 | ±0.1 kg/m3 (1.1 for maximum possible concentration) |
Benzyl chloride | 1,100.4 | At 20 °C |
Dimethyl sulfoxide | 1,100.4 | At 20 °C |
Carbon dioxide (liquid) | 1,101 | Liquid, at −37°C (saturation) |
Diphenylmethanol | 1,103 | |
Peracetic acid | 1,103.7 | At 20 °C[21] |
Acetyl chloride | 1,104 | |
Ethyl nitrate | 1,108.4 | At 20 °C |
Chlorobenzene | 1,110 | At 20 °C |
N-Allylthiourea | 1,110 | At 20 °C |
Benzophenone | 1,110 | At 20 °C |
Sodium hypochlorite | 1,110 | |
2-Mercaptoethanol | 1,114 | At 20 °C |
Ethylene glycol | 1,115 | At 20 °C |
Sodium cyanoborohydride | 1,120 | At 25 °C |
Triethanolamine | 1,124.2 | At 20 °C |
PLX (Picatinny Liquid Explosive) | 1,130 | At standard conditions |
Formamide | 1,133 | At 20 °C |
Triethyl citrate | 1,136.9 | At 20 °C |
Nitromethane | 1,137.1 | At 20 °C[22] |
Glyoxal | 1,140 | Liquid, at 20 °C |
Peracetic acid (38-40%) | 1,140 | At 20 °C |
Chloroacetone | 1,150 | At 20 °C |
Hydrogen fluoride (gas) | 1,150 | At 25 °C |
Hydrofluoric acid | 1,150 | At 20 °C, 48% w/w aqueous solution |
Nylon | 1,150 | |
Fluorenol | 1,151 | [23] |
Oxygen (liquid) | 1,155 | |
Acetamide | 1,159 | At 20 °C |
Furfural | 1,159.4 | At 20 °C |
Diphenylamine | 1,160 | |
Potassium hypochlorite | 1,160 | |
2-Nitrotoluene | 1,161.1 | At 19°C |
Ammonium acetate | 1,170 | At 20 °C |
Benzocaine | 1,170 | |
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide | 1,170 | At 20 °C |
Plastics | 1,175 | Approx. for PP, PETE and PVC |
Dicyanoacetylene | 1,176 | |
Methyl salicylate | 1,184 | At 25 °C |
Hydrochloric acid | 1,189 | At 20 °C, 38% w/w aqueous solution |
Propylene carbonate | 1,190 | At 20 °C[24] |
Triphenylphosphine | 1,194 | At 20 °C |
Methanediol | 1,199 | |
Nitrobenzene | 1,199 | |
Triphenylmethanol | 1,199 | |
Quinine | 1,200 | |
Sodium triacetoxyborohydride | 1,200 | |
2-Chloroethanol | 1,201 | At 25 °C |
Chromic acid | 1,201 | |
Fluorene | 1,203 | 0 °C |
Sorbic acid | 1,204 | At 20 °C |
Atropine | 1,205 | [25] |
Lactic acid | 1,206 | At 20 °C |
4-Aminoantipyrine | 1,207 | |
Neon (liquid) | 1,207 | At boiling point |
Methyl nitrate | 1,207.5 | At 20 °C[26] |
Benzoyl chloride | 1,211 | At 20 °C |
Trimethyl phosphate | 1,214.4 | At 20 °C |
Crystal violet | 1,219 | [27] |
Acetone peroxide | 1,220 | Trimer[28] |
Formic acid | 1,220 | At 20 °C |
Hypophosphorous acid (50%) | 1,220 | 50% wt. aq. solution |
Methyl yellow | 1,223.3 | [29] |
Hydroxylamine | 1,227 | At 20 °C |
Caffeine | 1,230 | |
Nitrocellulose | 1,230 | |
Propylene glycol dinitrate | 1,232 | At 20 °C |
Sodium aluminium hydride | 1,240 | |
Xanthatin | 1,241 | At 21.84 °C[30] |
1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 1,247.5 | At 20 °C |
Bromothymol blue | 1,250 | |
Pyruvic acid | 1,250 | At 20 °C |
1,2-Dichloroethane | 1,253.1 | At 20 °C[31] |
Glycerol | 1,261 | Standard conditions |
Sulfolane | 1,261 | At 25 °C |
Carbon disulfide | 1,263.2 | At 20 °C[32] |
Benzoic acid | 1,265.9 | At 15 °C |
Glyoxal (40% aq. solution) | 1,270 | At 20 °C |
Ammonium formate | 1,280 | At 25 °C[33] |
Anthracene | 1,280 | At 25 °C |
Methyl orange | 1,280 | |
Resorcinol | 1,280 | |
Chloric acid (heptahydrate) | 1,282 | T<40 °C[34] |
Guanidinium carbonate | 1,290 | At 22 °C |
Nitronium tetrafluoroborate | 1,290 | At 20 °C |
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride | 1,300 | |
Aluminium chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,300 | |
ANFO (solid prill) | 1,300 | Average, at standard conditions |
Phenolphthalein | 1,300 | At 20 °C |
Sodium methoxide | 1,300 | |
Methyl red | 1,310 | |
Phenanthroline | 1,310 | |
Freon 12 (liquid) | 1,311 | Pressurized |
Ferulic acid | 1,316 | At 20 °C |
1,4-Benzoquinone | 1,318 | At 20 °C |
Cellulose acetate fibers | 1,320 | [35] |
Urea | 1,320 | |
Thioglycolic acid | 1,325.3 | At 20 °C |
Boron trichloride | 1,326 | At 12 °C |
Dichloromethane | 1,326.6 | At 20 °C |
Dimethylzinc | 1,330 | Pure substance, at 20 °C |
Hexamine | 1,330 | |
Hydroquinone | 1,330 | |
Dimethyl sulfate | 1,333 | At 25 °C |
Ammonium azide | 1,345.9 | At 20 °C |
Indigo dye | 1,350 | At 20 °C |
Resiniferatoxin | 1,350 | |
Guanidinium chloride | 1,354 | At 20 °C |
Strychnine | 1,359 | [36] |
Potassium sorbate | 1,363 | At 20 °C |
Fluoroacetic acid | 1,369 | |
Hydrazine sulfate | 1,378 | [37] |
Corn syrup | 1,380 | |
Sodium amide | 1,390 | At 20 °C |
Argon (liquid) | 1,395.4 | At boiling point |
Pentaerythritol | 1,396 | |
Sodium hydride | 1,396 | |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 1,400 | |
Nicotinamide | 1,400 | At 25 °C |
Sulfur dioxide (liquid) | 1,400 | At -10 °C |
Urea peroxide | 1,400 | |
Warfarin | 1,400 | |
Threitol | 1,401 | |
Chlorobutanol | 1,404 | |
Cyanoguanidine | 1,404 | At 20 °C |
Thiourea | 1,405 | |
Ammonium sulfite | 1,410 | At 25 °C |
Anthranilic acid | 1,412 | |
Ethylene glycol dinitrate[38] | 1,419.8 | At 20 °C |
Honey | 1,420 | |
Juglone | 1,420 | At 25 °C[39] |
Sodium sulfide (nonahydrate) | 1,430 | |
Phosgene (liquid) | 1,432 | At 0 °C |
Boric acid | 1,435 | |
Guanidinium nitrate | 1,436 | |
Anthraquinone | 1,438 | At 20 °C |
Hypophosphorous acid | 1,439 | Anhydrous |
Nitrogen dioxide (liquid) | 1,440 | At 20 °C |
Salycilic acid | 1,443 | At 20 °C |
Dinitrogen tetroxide | 1,445 | At 20 °C |
Dinitrogen trioxide (liquid) | 1,447 | |
Dextrin | 1,450 | Average |
Hydrogen peroxide | 1,450 | Pure, at 20 °C |
Erythritol | 1,450 | |
Sodium acetate (trihydrate) | 1,450 | At 20 °C |
Iron pentacarbonyl | 1,453 | At 20 °C |
Lithium hydroxide (anhydrous) | 1,460 | |
Sodium carbonate (decahydrate) | 1,460 | |
Rubidium (liquid) | 1,460 | At melting point |
Magnesium nitrate (hexahydrate) | 1,464 | At standard conditions |
Sodium sulfate (decahydrate) | 1,464 | |
Trichloroethylene | 1,464.2 | At 20 °C |
Galactitol | 1,466 | At 15 °C |
Biuret | 1,467 | |
Isatin | 1,472 | [40] |
Niacin | 1,473 | |
Oxalyl chloride | 1,478.5 | |
Sodium bisulfite | 1,480 | At 20 °C |
Sodium metabisulfite | 1,480 | |
Chloroform | 1,483.2 | At 20 °C[41] |
Sulfanilic acid | 1,485 | At 25 °C |
Sorbitol | 1,489 | |
Glycolic acid | 1,490 | At 25 °C |
Hydrobromic acid | 1,490 | 48% w/w aqueous solution |
Amatol | 1,500 | Average density |
Ammonium carbonate | 1,500 | At 20 °C |
Ammonium oxalate | 1,500 | At 20 °C |
Cellulose | 1,500 | |
Fuming nitric acid | 1,500 | |
Hydrazine monohydrochloride | 1,500 | |
Phloroglucinol | 1,500 | |
Starch | 1,500 | Compact |
Fluorine (liquid) | 1,505 | At boiling point |
Cement (Portland) | 1,506 | Average density |
Calcium acetate | 1,509 | |
Lithium hydrate (monohydrate) | 1,510 | |
Sodium carbonate (heptahydrate) | 1,510 | |
Magnesium sulfate (undecahydrate) | 1,512 | |
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate | 1,520 | At 25 °C[42] |
Mannitol | 1,520 | At 20 °C |
Potassium cyanide | 1,520 | |
Xylitol | 1,520 | |
Cement (Portland) clinker | 1,522 | Average density |
Ribitol | 1,525 | |
Difluoroacetic acid | 1,526 | At 25 °C |
Sodium acetate (anhydrous) | 1,528 | At 20 °C |
Phthalic anhydride | 1,530 | At 20 °C |
Trifluoroacetic acid | 1,531 | At 20 °C |
Rubidium | 1,532 | At room temperature |
Glutamic acid | 1,538 | L-Glutamic acid (at 20 °C) |
Glucose | 1,540 | D-glucose |
Citric acid (monohydrate) | 1,542 | At 18 °C |
Sucrose | 1,550 | |
Calcium | 1,550 | |
Aminoguanidinium bicarbonate | 1,560 | At 20 °C |
Sodium sulfite (heptahydrate) | 1,561 | |
Carbon dioxide (solid) | 1,562 | Dry ice, at at 1 atm and −78.5 °C |
Chlorine (liquid) | 1,562.5 | At boiling point |
Dichloroacetic acid | 1,563.4 | At 20 °C |
Aminoguanidinium nitrate | 1,566 | [43] |
Magnesium chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,569 | |
Zinc peroxide | 1,570 | |
Succinic acid | 1,572 | At 20 °C |
Phosphorus trichloride | 1,574 | At 20 °C |
Cellulose II | 1,580 | Crystal[44] |
Chloroacetic acid | 1,580 | |
Kojic acid | 1,580 | At 20 °C[45] |
Sodium dithionite (dihydrate) | 1,580 | |
Sodium sulfide (pentahydrate) | 1,580 | |
Ammonium bicarbonate | 1,586 | |
Nitroglycerin | 1,593.1 | At 20 °C[46] |
Carbon tetrachloride | 1,594 | At 20 °C |
Sodium cyanide | 1,595.5 | At 20 °C |
Glycine | 1,600 | |
Guanidine | 1,600 | ±0.1 kg/m3 |
Fluorescein | 1,602 | |
Nitrosylsulfuric acid (40% H2SO4 sol.) | 1,612 | At 20 °C |
Ozone (liquid) | 1,614 | At -195.4 °C |
Malonic acid | 1,619 | |
Aluminium sulfate (octahydrate) | 1,620 | |
Monosodium glutamate | 1,620 | At 20 °C |
Sulfur dichloride | 1,621 | |
Tetrachloroethylene | 1,622 | Standard conditions |
Trichloroacetic acid | 1,630 | At 20 °C |
Ammonium hypophosphite | 1,634 | At 20 °C[47] |
Fumaric acid | 1,635 | At 20 °C |
Potassium hydrogen phthalate | 1,636 | At 20 °C |
Thionyl chloride | 1,638 | At 20 °C[48] |
Hydrazine nitrate | 1,640 | |
Dinitrogen pentoxide | 1,642 | At 18 °C |
Iron(III) nitrate (nonahydrate) | 1,642.9 | At 20 °C |
Phosphoryl chloride | 1,645 | |
Ascorbic acid | 1,650 | |
Ethylenedinitramine | 1,650 | |
Nitrogen trichloride | 1,653 | [49] |
Oxalic acid (dihydrate) | 1,653 | |
Trinitrotoluene | 1,654 | 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
Citric acid (anhydrous) | 1,665 | |
Sodium thiosulfate | 1,667 | |
Carbonic acid | 1,668 | |
Hydroxylammonium chloride | 1,670 | At 20 °C |
Sulfuryl chloride | 1,670 | At 20 °C |
Calcium gluconate (pentahydrate) | 1,674 | [50] |
Ammonium thiosulfate | 1,679 | At 25 °C |
Iron(III) nitrate (hexahydrate) | 1,680 | At 20 °C |
Magnesium sulfate (heptahydrate) | 1,680 | |
Phosphoric acid (85%) | 1,685 | Aqueous solution |
Disulfur dichloride | 1,688 | |
Ammonium nitrite | 1,690 | |
Lead(II) acetate (decahydrate) | 1,690 | |
Urea nitrate | 1,690 | |
Fructose | 1,694 | |
Calcium hydride | 1,700 | |
Thiourea dioxide | 1,706 | [51] |
Chromium(III) sulfate (octadecahydrate) | 1,709 | |
Calcium chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,710 | |
Nitroguanidine | 1,710 | |
Aluminium nitrate (nonahydrate) | 1,720 | |
Aminoguanidine | 1,720 | |
Sodium nitropruside | 1,720 | |
Ammonium nitrate | 1,725 | At 20 °C |
Fluorosulfuric acid | 1,726 | |
Titanium(IV) chloride | 1,726 | |
Borax | 1,730 | |
Magnesium carbonate (pentahydrate) | 1,730 | |
Mannitol hexanitrate | 1,730 | |
Nitrourea | 1,730 | |
Sodium perborate | 1,730 | |
Tetryl | 1,730 | |
Zinc acetate (dihydrate) | 1,735 | |
Magnesium | 1,740 | |
Rubidium hydroxide | 1,740 | At 25 °C |
Picramic acid | 1,749 | |
Inositol | 1,752 | |
Chlorosulfuric acid | 1,753 | At 20 °C |
Methylene blue | 1,757 | At 20 °C |
Chromium(III) chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,760 | At 20 °C |
Trinitroaniline | 1,762 | |
Picric acid | 1,763 | |
Ammonium sulfate | 1.769 | At 20 °C |
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate | 1,770 | At 20 °C |
Sodium hypophosphite (monohydrate) | 1,770 | |
Perchloric acid | 1,770.3 | Anhydrous, at 20 °C |
Ammonium bisulfate | 1,780 | |
Potassium sodium tartrate | 1,790 | |
Tartaric acid | 1,790 | |
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 1,800 | |
Ammonium sulfamate | 1,800 | |
Prussian blue | 1,800 | [52] |
Ammonium dinitramide | 1,810 | |
Dichlorine heptoxide | 1,811 | At 20 °C[53] |
Iron(III) chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,820 | |
RDX | 1,820 | At 20 °C |
White phosphorus | 1,823 | |
Erythritol tetranitrate | 1,827 | Crystal density[54] |
Styphnic acid | 1,829 | At 20 °C |
Sulfuric acid (98%) | 1,830 | |
Calcium chloride (tetrahydrate) | 1,830 | |
Magnesium carbonate (trihydrate) | 1,837 | |
Fluoroboric acid | 1,840 | |
Hydroxylammonium nitrate | 1,840 | |
Cesium (liquid) | 1,843 | At melting point |
Sodium azide | 1,846 | At 20 °C |
Beryllium | 1,850 | |
Calcium chloride (dihydrate) | 1,850 | |
Potassium ferrocyanide | 1,850 | Trihydrate |
Xylitol pentanitrate | 1,852 | |
Sodium sulfide (anhydrous) | 1,856 | |
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate (hexahydrate) | 1,860 | At 20 °C |
Chromium(III) sulfate (pentadecahydrate) | 1,860 | |
Cobalt(II) nitrate (hexahydrate) | 1,870 | |
Francium | 1,870 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Ammonium tetrafluoroborate | 1,871 | At 15 °C |
Boron phosphate | 1,873 | BPO4[55] |
Hydroxylammonium sulfate | 1,880 | At 20 °C |
Copper(II) acetate (monohydrate) | 1,882 | At 20 °C |
FOX-7 | 1,885 | |
Phosphoric acid (liquid) | 1,885 | Aqueous solution |
Potassium ferricyanide | 1,890 | |
Trinitrophloroglucinol | 1,890 | [56] |
Iron(II) sulfate (heptahydrate) | 1,895 | |
Calcium nitrate (tetrahydrate) | 1,896 | |
Iron(III) sulfate (pentahydrate) | 1,898 | |
Ammonium chromate | 1,900 | |
Oxalic acid (anhydrous) | 1,900 | |
Tartrazine | 1,900 | Solid[57] |
Bone | 1,900 | Average human bone |
Chloral hydrate | 1,908.1 | At 20 °C |
2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene | 1,910 | |
HMX | 1,910 | At 25 °C[58] |
Potassium nitrite | 1,914.986 | |
Sodium formate | 1,920 | At 20 °C |
Sulfur (gamma) | 1,920 | |
Sulfur trioxide | 1,920 | Liquid |
Cobalt(II) chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,924 | |
Cesium | 1,930 | At room temperature |
Iron(II) chloride (tetrahydrate) | 1,930 | |
Strontium chloride (hexahydrate) | 1,930 | |
TATB (Triaminotrinitrobenzene) | 1,930 | At 20 °C |
Ethyl iodide | 1,930.8 | At 20 °C[59] |
Bromoacetic acid | 1,934 | |
Iron(II) sulfate (hexahydrate) | 1,934 | |
Hydrazine perchlorate | 1,939 | [60] |
Cobalt(II) sulfate (heptahydrate) | 1,948 | |
Nickel(II) sulfate (heptahydrate) | 1,948 | |
Ammonium perchlorate | 1,950 | |
Potassium bitartrate | 1,954 | |
Chromyl chloride | 1,960 | At 20 °C |
Sulfur (beta) | 1,960 | |
Sodium permanganate (monohydrate) | 1,972 | Standard conditions |
Ammonium persulfate | 1,980 | |
Tetranitroglycoluril | 1,980 | At standard conditions |
Nickel hydrazine perchlorate | 1,983 | |
Potassium chloride | 1,984 | |
Activated charcoal | 2,000 | Average skeletal density |
Oleum (60%) | 2,000 | |
Hydroxylammonium perchlorate | 2,060 | [61] |
5-(4-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine | 2,009 | At 23 °C[62] |
Cadmium acetate (dihydrate) | 2,010 | [63] |
Manganese(II) chloride (tetrahydrate) | 2,010 | Standard conditions |
Cobalt(II) sulfate (hexahydrate) | 2,019 | |
Sodium perchlorate (monohydrate) | 2,020 | |
Aluminium sulfide | 2,020 | |
Magnesium nitrate (dihydrate) | 2,025.6 | At standard conditions |
Ammonium bisulfite (72% aq. sol.) | 2,030 | At 20 °C |
Phosphoric acid (solid) | 2,030 | At 25 °C |
Potassium azide | 2,038 | |
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane | 2,044 | |
Potassium hydroxide | 2,044 | At 20 °C |
Nickel(II) nitrate (hexahydrate) | 2,050 | At 20 °C |
Lithium nitrate (hexahydrate) | 2,065 | |
Lithium chloride | 2,068 | |
Copper(II) nitrate (hexahydrate) | 2,070 | |
Nickel(II) sulfate (hexahydrate) | 2,070 | |
Sulfur (alfa) | 2,070 | |
Zinc sulfate (hexahydrate) | 2,072 | |
Devarda's alloy (bulk) | 2,080 | At 20 °C |
Boron nitride (hexagonal) | 2,100 | At standard conditions |
Phosphorus pentachloride | 2,100 | At standard conditions |
Sodium percarbonate | 2,100 | At standard conditions |
Manganese(II) sulfate (tetrahydrate) | 2,107 | |
Potassium nitrate | 2,109 | |
Lithium carbonate | 2,110 | |
Ammonium dichromate | 2,115 | |
Nickel hydrazine nitrate | 2,129 | |
Sodium hydroxide | 2,130 | |
Calcium chloride (anhydrous) | 2,150 | |
Iron(II) sulfate (pentahydrate) | 2,150 | |
Pyranine | 2,150 | |
Sulfamic acid | 2,150 | |
Arsenic trichloride | 2,163 | At 20 °C |
Sodium chloride | 2,165 | |
Sodium nitrite | 2,168 | |
Potassium bicarbonate | 2,170 | |
Potassium peroxymonosulfate | 2,170 | Oxone |
Barium hydroxide (octahydrate) | 2,180 | At 25 °C |
Sodium bromide (dihydrate) | 2,180 | |
Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate | 2,185 | [64] |
Barium acetate (monohydrate) | 2,190 | |
Trichloroisocyanuric acid | 2,190 | ± 0.1 g/cm3 |
Titanium nitrate | 2,192 | |
Ammonium permanganate | 2,200 | At 20 °C |
Iodoacetic acid | 2,200 | |
Nitronium perchlorate | 2,200 | [65] |
Polytetrafluoroethylene | 2,200 | |
Sodium bicarbonate | 2,200 | |
Strontium nitrate (tetrahydrate) | 2,200 | |
Calcium hydroxide | 2,211 | |
Calcium carbide | 2,220 | |
Copper(II) perchlorate (hexahydrate) | 2,225 | At 25 °C |
Lead(IV) acetate | 2,228 | At 17 °C |
Borosilicate glass | 2,230 | Average value |
Tin(IV) chloride | 2,230 | |
Peroxymonosulfuric acid | 2,239 | |
Calcium chloride (monohydrate) | 2,240 | |
Potassium bisulfate | 2,245 | |
Sodium carbonate (monohydrate) | 2,250 | |
Sodium nitrate | 2,257 | |
Zinc perchlorate (hexahydrate) | 2,260 | |
Graphite | 2,266 | |
Manganese(II) chloride (dihydrate) | 2,270 | Standard conditions |
Sodium oxide | 2,270 | |
Boron nitride (amorphous) | 2,280 | At standard conditions |
Methyl iodide | 2,280 | At 20 °C |
Copper(II) sulfate (pentahydrate) | 2,286 | |
Calcium cyanamide | 2,290 | |
Barium peroxide (octahydrate) | 2,292 | |
Diatomaceous earth (bulk) | 2,300 | At standard conditions |
Magnesium nitrate (anhydrous) | 2,300 | At standard conditions |
Copper(II) nitrate (trihydrate) | 2,320 | |
Calcium sulfate (dihydrate) | 2,320 | |
Magnesium chloride (anhydrous) | 2,320 | |
Potassium chlorate | 2,320 | |
Silicon | 2,330 | |
Monopotassium phosphate | 2,338 | At standard conditions |
Boron | 2,340 | |
Cadmium acetate (anhydrous) | 2,340 | [66] |
Potassium metabisulfite | 2,340 | |
Red phosphorus | 2,340 | |
Sodium oxalate | 2,340 | |
Magnesium hydroxide | 2,344.6 | |
Calcium hypochlorite | 2,350 | At 20 °C |
Potassium sulfite | 2,350 | At 20 °C[67] |
Violet phosphorus | 2,360 | |
Strontium (liquid) | 2,375 | At melting point |
Lithium nitrate (anhydrous) | 2,380 | |
Sodium dithionite (anhydrous) | 2,380 | |
Iron(II) chloride (dihydrate) | 2,390 | |
Phosphorus pentoxide | 2,390 | |
Manganese heptoxide | 2,396 | At 20 °C[68] |
Concrete | 2,400 | Average density |
Krypton (liquid) | 2,413 | At boiling point |
Ammonium chlorate | 2,420 | |
Potassium carbonate | 2,430 | |
Chloroplatinic acid | 2,431 | |
Dipotassium phosphate | 2,440 | |
Magnesium sulfate (monohydrate) | 2,445 | |
Cadmium nitrate (tetrahydrate) | 2,450 | |
Boron trioxide (liquid) | 2,460 | At melting point |
Barium acetate (anhydrous) | 2,468 | |
Sodium chlorite | 2,468 | |
Boron silicide | 2,470 | B6Si[69] |
Potassium persulfate | 2,477 | |
Cobalt(II) chloride (dihydrate) | 2,477 | |
Aluminium chloride (anhydrous) | 2,480 | |
Sodium hexametaphosphate | 2,484 | |
Cobalt(II) nitrate (anhydrous) | 2,490 | |
Ammonium heptamolybdate | 2,498 | |
Sodium perchlorate (anhydrous) | 2,499.4 | |
Boron carbide | 2,500 | Average density |
Cyanuric acid | 2,500 | |
Calcium nitrate (anhydrous) | 2,504 | |
Copper(II) chloride (dihydrate) | 2,510 | |
Sodium dichromate | 2,520 | |
Potassium chlorochromate | 2,522.8 | |
Potassium perchlorate | 2,523.9 | |
Sodium carbonate (anhydrous) | 2,540 | At 25 °C |
Lead(II) acetate (trihydrate) | 2,550 | |
Boron trioxide (trigonal) | 2,550 | |
Sodium fluoride | 2,558 | |
Magnesium diboride | 2,570 | |
Sodium persulfate | 2,590 | |
Potassium antimony tartrate | 2,600 | |
Quartz | 2,600 | |
Sodium silicate | 2,610 | |
Aluminium iodide (hexahydrate) | 2,630 | |
Sodium sulfite (anhydrous) | 2,633 | |
Strontium | 2,640 | At room temperature |
Calcium perchlorate | 2,651 | |
Sodium pyrosulfate | 2,658 | |
Magnesium sulfate (anhydrous) | 2,660 | |
Potassium sulfate | 2,660 | |
Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) | 2,664 | |
Aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) | 2,672 | |
Strontium chloride (dihydrate) | 2,672 | |
Potassium dichromate | 2,676 | |
Black phosphorus | 2,690 | |
Sodium chromate | 2,698 | |
Aluminium | 2,700 | |
Chromium trioxide | 2,700 | At 20 °C |
Potassium permanganate | 2,703 | |
Tin(II) chloride (dihydrate) | 2,710 | |
Calcium carbonate | 2,711 | Calcite |
Potassium hexachlorostannate | 2,719 | [70] |
Potassium chromate | 2,732 | |
Potassium bromide | 2,740 | |
Sodium bisulfate | 2,740 | |
Potassium manganate | 2,780 | |
Rubidium chloride | 2,800 | At 25 °C |
Scandium (liquid) | 2,800 | At melting point |
Sodium peroxide | 2,805 | |
Silver perchlorate | 2,806 | |
Phosphoryl bromide | 2,820 | |
Magnesium carbonate (dihydrate) | 2,825 | |
Potassium ferrate | 2,829 | [71] |
Calcium carbonate | 2,830 | Aragonite |
Basic lead picrate | 2,831 | [72] |
Aluminium phosphide | 2,850 | |
Phosphorus tribromide | 2,852 | At 15 °C |
Chromium(III) chloride (anhydrous) | 2,870 | At 20 °C |
Chloroauric acid (tetrahydrate) | 2,890 | |
Bromoform | 2,891.2 | At 20 °C |
Iron(III) chloride (anhydrous) | 2,898 | |
Barium hypophosphite | 2,900 | |
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate | 2,900 | |
Zinc chloride | 2,907 | |
Zinc perchlorate (anhydrous) | 2,933 | At 20 °C |
Barium azide | 2,936 | |
Rubidium azide | 2,937 | At 20 °C |
Xenon (liquid) | 2,942 | At boiling point |
Manganese(II) sulfate (monohydrate) | 2,950 | |
Magnesium carbonate (anhydrous) | 2,958 | |
Calcium sulfate (anhydrous) | 2,960 | |
Manganese(II) chloride (anhydrous) | 2,977 | Standard conditions |
Scandium | 2,985 | At room temperature |
Strontium nitrate (anhydrous) | 2,986 | |
Iron(II) sulfate (monohydrate) | 3,000 | |
Copper(II) nitrate (anhydrous) | 3,050 | |
Strontium chloride (anhydrous) | 3,052 | |
Lead styphnate | 3,060 | At 20 °C |
Cobalt(II) sulfate (monohydrate) | 3,075 | |
Cadmium sulfate (octahydrate) | 3,080 | |
Iron(III) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,097 | |
Barium chloride (dihydrate) | 3,097.9 | |
Chromium(III) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,100 | |
Bromine | 3,102.8 | Standard conditions |
Iodine trichloride | 3,110 | At 15 °C |
Rubidium nitrate | 3,110 | At 25 °C |
Calcium chromate | 3,120 | |
Potassium iodide | 3,123 | |
Barium nitrite | 3,137 | At 20 °C |
Antimony(III) chloride | 3,140 | At 25 °C |
Boron trioxide (monoclinic) | 3,146 | |
Iron(II) chloride (anhydrous) | 3,160 | |
Barium chlorate | 3,180 | |
Calcium fluoride | 3,180 | |
Barium perchlorate | 3,200 | |
Silicon carbide | 3,210 | All polytypes[73] |
Sodium bromide (anhydrous) | 3,210 | |
Barium nitrate | 3,240 | |
Lead(II) acetate (anhydrous) | 3,250 | At 20 °C |
Manganese(II) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,250 | |
Copper(I) azide | 3,260 | [74] |
Silver acetate | 3,260 | |
Potassium bromate | 3,270 | |
Diiodomethane | 3,325 | |
Barium (liquid) | 3,338 | At melting point |
Sodium bromate | 3,339 | At 25 °C |
Calcium oxide | 3,340 | |
Vanadium pentoxide | 3,357 | |
Copper(II) hydroxide | 3,368 | |
Copper(II) chloride (anhydrous) | 3,386 | |
Zinc chromate | 3,430 | |
Boron nitride (cubic) | 3,450 | At standard conditions |
Boron nitride (wurtzite) | 3,490 | At standard conditions |
Caesium azide | 3,500 | |
Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous) | 3,560 | |
Copper oxychloride | 3,500 | |
Diamond | 3,510 | |
Barium | 3,530 | At room temperature |
Zinc sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,540 | |
Chevreul's salt | 3,570 | [75] |
Cadmium nitrate (anhydrous) | 3,600 | |
Copper(II) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,600 | |
Magnesium oxide | 3,600 | |
Phosphorus pentabromide | 3,610 | |
Potassium periodate | 3,618 | |
Iron(II) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,650 | |
Sodium iodide | 3,670 | |
Caesium hydroxide | 3,675 | |
Cobalt(II) sulfate (anhydrous) | 3,710 | |
Mercury(II) thiocyanate | 3,710 | At standard conditions. |
Strontium carbonate | 3,740 | |
Barium hydroxide (monohydrate) | 3,743 | |
Barium permanganate | 3,770 | At 20 °C |
Sodium molybdate | 3,780 | |
Titanium dioxide | 3,780 | Anatase form |
Cadmium sulfate (monohydrate) | 3,790 | |
Barium chloride (anhydrous) | 3,856 | |
Potassium iodate | 3,890 | At 20 °C |
Chloroauric acid (anhydrous) | 3,900 | |
Silver fulminate | 3,938 | |
Tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) | 3,950 | |
Strontium sulfate | 3,960 | At 25 °C |
Aluminium iodide (anhydrous) | 3,980 | |
Caesium chloride | 3,988 | |
Zinc phosphate | 3,998 | |
Aluminium oxide | 4,000 | Average density |
Basic copper carbonate | 4,000 | |
Iodoform | 4,008 | |
Nickel(II) sulfate (anhydrous) | 4,010 | |
Cadmium chloride | 4,050 | [76] |
Zinc sulfide | 4,090 | |
Copper(I) chloride | 4,145 | |
Phosphorus triiodide | 4,180 | At standard conditions |
Titanium dioxide | 4,180 | Brookite |
Titanium dioxide | 4,230 | Rutile form |
Cadmium azide | 4,240 | [77] |
Yttrium (liquid) | 4,240 | At melting point |
Silver formate | 4,250 | At 20 °C[78] |
Cadmium carbonate | 4,258 | [79] |
Barium carbonate | 4,286 | |
Mercury(II) nitrate (monohydrate) | 4,300 | At 20 °C |
Nitrogen triiodide | 4,300 | ±0.1 g/cm3[80] |
Carbon tetraiodide | 4,320 | |
Silver nitrate | 4,350 | At 24 °C |
Zinc carbonate | 4,398 | At 20 °C[81] |
Radon (liquid) | 4,400 | At boiling point |
Silver azide | 4,420 | |
Mercury(II) fulminate | 4,420 | |
Silver chlorate | 4,443 | At 20 °C |
Silver nitrite | 4,453 | At 25 °C |
Silver acetylide | 4,470 | |
Yttrium | 4,472 | |
Barium sulfate | 4,490 | |
Barium chromate | 4,498 | At 20 °C |
Barium hydroxide (anhydrous) | 4,500 | At 20 °C |
Copper chromite | 4,500 | |
Silver permanganate | 4,500 | At 25 °C[82] |
Caesium iodide | 4,510 | |
Lead(II) nitrate | 4,530 | |
Titanium | 4,540 | |
Tungsten hexafluoride (solid) | 4,560 | At −9 °C |
Iodic acid | 4,620 | At 20 °C |
Cadmium sulfate (octahydrate) | 4,691 | |
Strontium oxide | 4,700 | |
Lead(II) azide | 4,710 | |
Bismuth chloride | 4,750 | |
Selenium | 4,800 | |
Barium manganate | 4,850 | |
Osmium tetroxide | 4,900 | |
Barium iodide (dihydrate) | 4,916 | |
Iodine | 4,933 | |
Iron(II,III) oxide | 5,000 | |
Yttrium(III) oxide | 5,010 | |
Manganese dioxide | 5,026 | |
Silver oxalate | 5,066 | At 20 °C[83] |
Bismuth sulfate | 5,080 | [84] |
Iodine pentoxide | 5,080 | At 20 °C |
Barium iodide (anhydrous) | 5,150 | |
Cobalt(III) oxide | 5,180 | |
Antimony(III) oxide (α-form) | 5,200 | |
Titanium nitride | 5,210 | |
Chromium(III) oxide | 5,220 | |
Iron(III) oxide | 5,242 | |
Germanium | 5,323 | |
Mercury(II) chloride | 5,430 | |
Silver sulfate | 5,450 | At 20°C |
Radium | 5,500 | At room temperature |
Silver chloride | 5,560 | |
Zinc oxide | 5,610 | |
Antimony(III) oxide (β-form) | 5,670 | |
Barium peroxide (anhydrous) | 5,675 | [85] |
Silver iodide | 5,675 | At 20 °C |
Barium oxide | 5,720 | |
Arsenic | 5,727 | |
Bismuth iodide | 5,778 | |
Devarda's alloy | 5,790 | At 20 °C |
Zirconium (liquid) | 5,800 | At melting point |
Copper(I) nitride | 5,840 | [86] |
Lead(II) chloride | 5,850 | At 20 °C |
Silver(I) fluoride | 5,852 | At 15 °C |
Gallium | 5,910 | At room temperature |
Lanthanum (liquid) | 5,940 | At melting point |
Copper(I) oxide | 6,000 | |
Silver carbonate | 6,077 | |
Gallium (liquid) | 6,095 | At melting point |
Vanadium | 6,100 | |
Basic lead chromate | 6,120 | |
Lead chromate | 6,120 | |
Lead(II) iodide | 6,160 | At 20 °C |
Lanthanum | 6,162 | At room temperature |
Ytterbium (liquid) | 6,210 | At room temperature |
Tellurium | 6,240 | |
Copper(II) oxide | 6,310 | |
Bismuth phosphate | 6,323 | [87] |
Astatine | 6,350 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Mercury(II) sulfate | 6,470 | At 20 °C[88] |
Silver bromide | 6,473 | |
Praseodymium (liquid) | 6,500 | At melting point |
Sodium bismuthate | 6,500 | |
Zirconium | 6,520 | |
Cerium (liquid) | 6,550 | At melting point |
Zinc (liquid) | 6,570 | |
Zamak | 6,600 | |
Antimony | 6,690 | |
Cerium | 6,770 | At room temperature |
Praseodymium | 6,770 | At room temperature |
Neodymium (liquid) | 6,890 | At melting point |
Ytterbium | 6,900 | At room temperature |
Cadmium oxide (amorphous) | 6,950 | At room temperature |
Neodymium | 7,010 | At room temperature |
Indium (liquid) | 7,020 | At melting point |
Kanthal A1 | 7,100 | Average density, standard conditions |
Europium (liquid) | 7,130 | At melting point |
Silver oxide | 7,140 | |
Zinc | 7,140 | At room temperature |
Samarium (liquid) | 7,160 | At melting point |
Chromium | 7,200 | |
Cerium(IV) oxide | 7,215 | |
Promethium | 7,260 | At room temperature |
Europium | 7,264 | At room temperature |
Indium | 7,310 | At room temperature |
Tin | 7,310 | |
Manganese | 7,325 | |
Samarium | 7,520 | At room temperature |
Lead(II) sulfide | 7,600 | At 20 °C |
Terbium (liquid) | 7,650 | At melting point |
Bismuth selenide | 7,700 | [89] |
Bismuth oxychloride | 7,700 | [90] |
Iron | 7,780 | Standard conditions |
Steel | 7,850 | Mild carbon steel, standard conditions |
Gadolinium | 7,900 | At room temperature |
Terbium(III) oxide | 7,910 | |
Mercury sulfide | 8,100 | At room temperature |
Cadmium oxide (crystalline) | 8,150 | At room temperature |
Terbium | 8,230 | At room temperature |
Bronze (manganese) | 8,300 | Average density |
Lead(II,IV) oxide | 8,300 | |
Holmium (liquid) | 8,340 | At melting point |
Dysprosium (liquid) | 8,370 | At melting point |
Nichrome | 8,400 | 80% nickel 20% chromium |
Dysprosium | 8,540 | At room temperature |
Thulium (liquid) | 8,560 | At melting point |
Niobium | 8,570 | |
Brass | 8,600 | Average density |
Erbium(III) oxide | 8,640 | |
Cadmium | 8,650 | |
Holmium | 8,790 | At room temperature |
Bronze (phosphorus) | 8,800 | Average density |
Einsteinium | 8,840 | At room temperature |
Erbium (liquid) | 8,860 | At melting point |
Bismuth trioxide | 8,900 | |
Cobalt | 8,900 | |
Nickel | 8,900 | |
Copper | 8,940 | |
Erbium | 9,066 | At room temperature |
Ytterbium(III) oxide | 9,170 | |
Polonium (alpha) | 9,196 | |
Lutetium (liquid) | 9,300 | At melting point |
Thulium | 9,320 | At room temperature |
Polonium (beta) | 9,398 | |
Lead(II) oxide | 9,530 | |
Lead(IV) oxide (beta) | 9,550 | β-PbO2[91] |
Wood's metal | 9,700 | |
Bismuth | 9,750 | |
Lead(IV) oxide (alpha) | 9,773 | α-PbO2[92] |
Lutetium | 9,841 | At room temperature |
Rose's metal | 9,850 | At room temperature |
Actinium | 10,000 | At room temperature |
Molybdenum | 10,220 | |
Silver | 10,500 | |
Technertium | 11,000 | |
Mercury(II) oxide | 11,140 | |
Thallium (liquid) | 11,220 | At melting point |
Lead | 11,340 | |
Thorium | 11,700 | |
Thallium | 11,850 | At room temperature |
Hafnium (liquid) | 12,000 | At melting point |
Americium | 12,000 | At room temperature |
Palladium | 12,023 | |
Rhodium | 12,410 | |
Ruthenium | 12,450 | |
Berkelium (beta) | 13,250 | At room temperature |
Hafnium | 13,310 | At room temperature |
Curium | 13,510 | At room temperature |
Mercury | 13,546 | |
Berkelium (alpha) | 14,780 | At room temperature |
Californium | 15,100 | At room temperature |
Protactinium | 15,370 | At room temperature |
Tungsten carbide | 15,600 | |
Tantalum | 16,600 | |
Neptunium (gamma) | 18,000 | At 639 °C |
Uranium | 18,900 | |
Tungsten | 19,250 | |
Gold | 19,320 | |
Neptunium (beta) | 19,360 | At 313 °C |
Plutonium | 19,840 | |
Neptunium (alpha) | 20,450 | At 282 °C |
Rhenium | 21,020 | |
Platinum | 21,450 | |
Iridium | 22,420 | |
Osmium | 22,570 | |
Rutherfordium | 23,200 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Copernicium | 23,700 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Roentgenium | 28,700 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Dubnium | 29,300 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Darmstadtum | 34,800 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Seaborgium | 35,000 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Bohrium | 37,100 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Meitnerium | 37,400 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Hassium | 40,700 | Predicted, at room temperature |
Density ranges for heterogeneous materials
Material | Density value (kg/m3) | Additional notes |
---|---|---|
Activated carbon (powder) | 400 - 500 | Grain density |
Activated carbon (skeletal) | 2,000 - 2,100 | Solid a.k.a. skeletal density |
Agar (bulk) | 550 - 600 | |
Agate | 2,500 - 2,600 | |
Alabaster carbonate | 2,700 - 2,800 | |
Albite | 2,600 - 2,650 | |
Aluminium oxide | 3,950 - 4,100 | |
Amber | 1,060 - 1,100 | |
Amphiboles | 2,900 - 3,200 | |
Anorthite | 2,740 - 2,760 | |
Asbstos | 2,000 - 2,800 | |
Balsa | 40 - 340 | Dry timber |
Basalt | 2,400 - 3,100 | |
Beeswax | 958 - 970 | Relative density at 15 °C[93] |
Beryllium copper | 8,100 - 8,250 | |
Biotite | 2,700 - 3,100 | |
Black powder | 1,700 - 1,820 | Mercury method |
Black powder | 1,920 - 2,080 | Pycnometer |
Bone | 1,700 - 2,000 | Human bone |
Brass | 8,400 - 8,730 | |
Brick | 1,400 - 2,400 | |
Bronze | 7,400 - 8,900 | (8-14% Sn) |
Bronze (lead) | 7,700 - 8,700 | |
Bronze (phosphorus) | 8,780 - 8,920 | |
C-4 | 1,726.58 - 1,750 | |
Dynamite | 1,300 - 1,510 | [94] |
Gasoline | 710 - 770 | |
Gelatine | 1,300 - 1,400 | [95] |
Gum arabic | 1,350-1,490 | [96] |
Kerosene | 780 - 810 | |
Mineral oil (heavy) | 860 - 910 | At 20 °C |
Mineral oil (light) | 830 - 880 | At 20 °C |
Naphtha | 750 - 850 | |
Oak | 710 - 750 | Timber |
Petroleum ether | 600 - 800 | At 20 °C |
Polystyrene | 960 - 1050 | At 20 °C |
Prussian blue | 1,750 - 1,810 | [97] |
Smokeless powder | 900 - 1,000 | At 20 °C |
Stainless steel | 7,480 - 8,050 | |
Zeolite (analcime) | 2,240 - 2,290 | [98] |
Zeolite (chabazite) | 2,050 - 2,200 | [99] |
Zeolite (clinoptilolite) | 2,200 - 2,440 | Powder[100] |
Zeolite (heulandite) | 2,100 - 2,200 | [101] |
Zeolite (mordenite) | 2,120 - 2,150 | [102] |
Zeolite (natrolite) | 2,200 - 2,260 | [103] |
Zeolite (phillipsite) | 2,200 - 2,242 | [104] |
Zeolite (phillipsite) | 2,200 - 2,242 | [105] |
Zeolite (stilbite) | 2,180 - 2,220 | [106] |
Density of materials at different temperatures
Air
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+727 | 0.340 |
+227 | 0.696 |
+35 | 1.146 |
+30 | 1.164 |
+27 | 1.161 |
+25 | 1.184 |
+20 | 1.204 |
+15 | 1.225 |
+10 | 1.247 |
+5 | 1.269 |
0 | 1.293 |
-5 | 1.316 |
-10 | 1.342 |
-15 | 1.368 |
-20 | 1.395 |
-25 | 1.423 |
-73 | 1.746 |
-173 | 3.556 |
Ammonia
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 °C | 1,073 |
+20 °C | 1,170 |
Ammonium acetate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+15 °C | 0.73 |
0 °C | 0,769 |
-33.34 | 0.86 |
-33.3 | 681.9 |
-80 °C | 817 |
Antimony(III) chloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+150 | 2,510 |
+25 | 3,140 |
Argon
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+27 | 1.449 |
0 | 1.784 |
-185 | 1,395.4 |
Benzaldehyde
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,044 |
+15 | 1,050 |
Biuret
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,456 |
+10 | 1,467 |
Butyric acid
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 952.8 |
-43 | 1,135 |
Carbon dioxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1.799 |
-78 | 1,562 |
Carbon disulfide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1,262 |
+20 | 1,263.2 |
0 | 1,292.7 |
-186 | 1,539 |
Carbon monoxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1.145 |
0 | 1.250 |
-191.5 | 789 |
Carbon tetrachloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,594 |
-80 | 1,809 |
-186 | 1,831 |
Chloroform
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+60 | 1,394 |
+25 | 1,488.5 |
+20 | 1,483.2 |
-20 | 1,564 |
Chromyl chloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+60 | 1,855 |
+49 | 1,873 |
+39 | 1,893 |
+30 | 1,910 |
+25 | 1,911.8 |
+24 | 1,920 |
+20 | 1,960 |
-47 | 2,052.2 |
-150 | 2,334 |
Dimethyl ether
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1.91855 |
+20 | 1.96 |
+15 | 1.993 |
+0 | 2.1146 |
-24 | 2.3622 |
-25 | 735 |
Ethyl formate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+50 | 876 |
+45 | 883 |
+40 | 890.5 |
+35 | 897.1 |
+30 | 903.6 |
+25 | 910.1 |
+20 | 916.6 |
+15 | 929 |
+10 | 934 |
0 | 948 |
Helium
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+27 | 0.164 |
0 | 0.1786 |
-269 | 147 |
Hydrazine
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+50 | 982 |
+25 | 1,004 |
+20 | 1,008.5 |
+15 | 1,014 |
0 | 1,021 |
Hydrogen
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+125 | 0.6061 |
+100 | 0.6465 |
+75 | 0.6928 |
+50 | 0.7461 |
+25 | 0.8085 |
0 | 0.08988 |
-25 | 0.9708 |
-50 | 1.0793 |
-75 | 1.2154 |
-100 | 1.3911 |
-125 | 1.6271 |
-150 | 1.9617 |
-175 | 2.4760 |
-200 | 3.3817 |
-225 | 5.5430 |
-250 | 68.747 |
-255 | 74.252[108] |
Hydrogen fluoride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1.15 |
+19.5 | 991 |
+0 | 1,002 |
Ice
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
0 | 916 |
-50 | 922 |
-100 | 927 |
Iodine trichloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+15 | 3,110 |
-40 | 3,203 |
Manganese heptoxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 2,396 |
-30 | 2,790 |
Methane
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 0.656 |
-90 | 162 |
-161.65 | 422.62 |
Methanol
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 786.6 |
+20 | 791.5 |
+15 | 796 |
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,170 |
+15 | 1,120 |
Methyl formate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 980 |
+15 | 987 |
NaK
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+100 | 855 |
+21 | 866 |
Naphthalene
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+100 | 962.5 |
+20 | 1,025.3 |
+15.5 | 1,145 |
Nitrogen
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+27 | 1.145 |
-199 | 808 |
Oxygen
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+27 | 1.308 |
-186 | 1,155 |
Pentanol
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 811 |
+20 | 814.6 |
+15 | 818 |
Peracetic acid (40%)
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,140 |
+15 | 1,226 |
Perchloric acid
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+55 | 1,711 |
+30 | 1,750.9 |
+25 | 1,760.8 |
+22 | 1,768 |
+20 | 1,770.3 |
+15 | 1,780 |
+10 | 1,789.2 |
+5 | 1,798.8 |
0 | 1,808.4 |
-5 | 1,818.1 |
-10 | 1,827.8 |
-15 | 1,837.3 |
-20 | 1,846.8 |
-25 | 1,856.1 |
-30 | 1,865.4 |
-160 | 2,160 |
Phenolphthalein
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+32 | 1,277 |
+25 | 1,299 |
+20 | 1,300 |
Phthalic anhydride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+135 | 1,200 |
+20 | 1,530 |
Potassium hydroxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 2,120 |
+20 | 2,044 |
Propylene oxide
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 830.4 |
+0 | 859 |
Pyruvic acid
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1,267 |
+20 | 1,250 |
Rubidium chloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+750 | 2,088 |
+25 | 2,800 |
Silver nitrate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+210 | 3,970 |
+24 | 4,350 |
Silver sulfate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+660 | 4,480 |
+20 | 5,450 |
Sodium bisulfite
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1,360 |
+20 | 1,480 |
Sulfur dichloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,621 |
+15 | 1,628.5 |
0 | 1,656.7 |
-134 | 2,120 |
Thionyl chloride
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+20 | 1,638 |
+10 | 1,655 |
0 | 1,676 |
Thiophene
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1,051 |
+20 | 1,064.94 |
Trimethyl phosphate
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+25 | 1,197 |
+20 | 1,214.4 |
Water
Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|
+100 | 958.4 |
+80 | 971.8 |
+60 | 983.2 |
+50 | 988.03 |
+40 | 992.2 |
+30 | 995.6502 |
+25 | 997.0479 |
+22 | 997.7735 |
+20 | 998.2071 |
+15 | 999.1026 |
+10 | 999.7026 |
+4 | 999.9720 |
0 | 999.8395 |
-10 | 998.117 |
-20 | 993.547 |
-30 | 983.854 |
The values below 0 °C refer to supercooled water.
References
- ↑ http://www.megs.ca/MSDS/Pdf/Acetylene.PDF
- ↑ O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 857
- ↑ http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm
- ↑ Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA16: 536 (1990)
- ↑ Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 817
- ↑ Navolokina, R. A.; Zil'berman, E. N.; Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation); (1980); p. 1382 -1386; Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii; vol. 16; Issue 8; (1980); p. 1629 - 1633
- ↑ Alonso, Victor; Gonzalez, Juan Antonio; Garcia De La Fuente, Isaias; Cobos, Jose Carlos; Thermochimica Acta; vol. 543; (2012); p. 246 - 253
- ↑ Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-392
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL)
- ↑ http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/271004
- ↑ http://www.handymath.com/cgi-bin/ethanolwater3.cgi?submit=Entry
- ↑ Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 737
- ↑ Haynes, W.M. (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 2010-2011, p. 3-76
- ↑ Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-250
- ↑ Summerbell et al.; Journal of Organic Chemistry; vol. 27; (1962); p. 4365,4367
- ↑ Straus; Heinze; Salzmann; Chemische Berichte; vol. 66; (1933); p. 638
- ↑ Nigam; Radecka; Komae; Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; vol. 57; nb. 6; (1968); p. 1029 - 1030
- ↑ Kuroyan, R. A.; Markosyan, A. I.; Engoyan, A. P.; Vartanyan, S. A.; Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation); vol. 19; (1983); p. 1709 - 1714; Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii; vol. 19; nb. 9; (1983); p. 1947 - 1953,
- ↑ O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 581
- ↑ Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 81st Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2000, p. 3-5
- ↑ Havel et al.; Chemicky Prumysl; vol. 10; (1960); p. 579
- ↑ Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-414
- ↑ Banerjee; Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie; vol. 100; (1939); p. 316 - 330
- ↑ Porras Gutierrez, Ana Gabriela; Zeitouny, Joceline; Gomila, Antoine; Douziech, Benedicte; Cosquer, Nathalie; Conan, Francoise; Reinaud, Olivia; Hapiot, Philippe; Le Mest, Yves; Lagrost, Corinne; Le Poul, Nicolas; Dalton Transactions; vol. 43; nb. 17; (2014); p. 6436 - 6445
- ↑ Vafai; Drake; Smith Jr.; Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data; vol. 38; nb. 1; (1993); p. 125 - 127
- ↑ Cowley; Partington; Journal of the Chemical Society; (1933); p. 1252
- ↑ Berkman; Zocher; Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie, Stoechiometrie und Verwandtschaftslehre; vol. 124; (1926); p. 325
- ↑ O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1649
- ↑ Whitaker, A.; Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research; vol. 22; nb. 2; (1992); p. 151 - 155
- ↑ Shang, Hai; Liu, Junhua; Bao, Ruiyang; Cao, Yu; Zhao, Kun; Xiao, Chengqian; Zhou, Bing; Hu, Lihong; Tang, Yefeng; Angewandte Chemie - International Edition; vol. 53; nb. 52; (2014); p. 14494 - 14498; Angew. Chem.; vol. 126; nb. 52; (2014); p. 14722 - 14726,4
- ↑ Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 81st Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2000, p. 3-154
- ↑ Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-88
- ↑ Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. B-54
- ↑ Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Dale L. Perry, 1995, p. 112
- ↑ Regenerated Cellulose Fibres, Calvin Woodings, Textile Institute (Manchester, England), 2001, p .212
- ↑ Clarke; Chemische Berichte; vol. 12; (1879); p. 1399
- ↑ O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 852
- ↑ Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-232
- ↑ Borovikov; Sivachek; Makovetskii; Novikov; Borovikov; Russian Journal of General Chemistry; vol. 67; nb. 6; (1997); p. 936 - 941
- ↑ Palenik, Gus J.; Koziol, Anna E.; Katritzky, Alan R.; Fan, Wei-Qiang; Journal of the Chemical Society. Chemical communications; nb. 9; (1990); p. 715 - 716
- ↑ EPA, 1998
- ↑ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a130875.pdf
- ↑ Akella, Annapoorna; Keszler, Douglas A.; Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications; vol. 50; (1994); p. 1974 - 1976
- ↑ Regenerated Cellulose Fibres, Calvin Woodings, Textile Institute (Manchester, England), 2001, p .212
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