Difference between revisions of "Fuming"
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| − | '''Fuming''' is a phenomenon displayed by certain liquids. It manifests in visible fumes, consisting of droplets of fog appearing when the liquid contacts air. Fumes are usually corrosive and/or toxic. | + | '''Fuming''' is a phenomenon displayed by certain liquids and a few solids. It manifests in visible fumes, consisting of droplets of fog appearing when the liquid contacts air. Fumes are usually corrosive and/or toxic. Chemicals that readily hydrolyze in moist air will fume vigorously. |
| − | == Specific fuming liquids == | + | == Specific fuming liquids and solids== |
===Acids=== | ===Acids=== | ||
* '''[[Hydrochloric acid]]''' fumes when in high concentrations; the fumes consist of the acid itself and are formed when hydrogen chloride gas that escapes the solution combines itself with water vapor found in air. The fumes have a characteristic smell of hydrogen chloride. | * '''[[Hydrochloric acid]]''' fumes when in high concentrations; the fumes consist of the acid itself and are formed when hydrogen chloride gas that escapes the solution combines itself with water vapor found in air. The fumes have a characteristic smell of hydrogen chloride. | ||
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** '''[[Oleum]]''' produces fumes similar to those of hot sulfuric acid, however, it fumes profusely even when cold. | ** '''[[Oleum]]''' produces fumes similar to those of hot sulfuric acid, however, it fumes profusely even when cold. | ||
* '''[[Nitric acid]]''' fumes at high concentrations. The fumes have a characteristic smell of nitric acid. | * '''[[Nitric acid]]''' fumes at high concentrations. The fumes have a characteristic smell of nitric acid. | ||
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| + | ===Elements=== | ||
| + | *'''Bromine''' is known to fume at standard conditions, which makes storage difficult. | ||
| + | *'''White [[phosphorus]]''', while not a liquid, will readily oxidize in open air and give off [[phosphorus pentoxide]] fumes and may even catch fire. | ||
===Halides=== | ===Halides=== | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 11 April 2017
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Fuming is a phenomenon displayed by certain liquids and a few solids. It manifests in visible fumes, consisting of droplets of fog appearing when the liquid contacts air. Fumes are usually corrosive and/or toxic. Chemicals that readily hydrolyze in moist air will fume vigorously.
Contents
Specific fuming liquids and solids
Acids
- Hydrochloric acid fumes when in high concentrations; the fumes consist of the acid itself and are formed when hydrogen chloride gas that escapes the solution combines itself with water vapor found in air. The fumes have a characteristic smell of hydrogen chloride.
- Sulfuric acid does not fume at room temperature, but is known to fume when hot. The fumes are a mixture of sulfuric acid droplets and sulfur oxides. The fumes do not have a strong smell but pose a potent choking hazard.
- Oleum produces fumes similar to those of hot sulfuric acid, however, it fumes profusely even when cold.
- Nitric acid fumes at high concentrations. The fumes have a characteristic smell of nitric acid.
Elements
- Bromine is known to fume at standard conditions, which makes storage difficult.
- White phosphorus, while not a liquid, will readily oxidize in open air and give off phosphorus pentoxide fumes and may even catch fire.
Halides
- Sulfuryl chloride hydrolyzes when exposed to atmosphere, giving off hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide.
- Thionyl chloride hydrolyzes and fumes similar to sulfuryl chloride.
- Titanium tetrachloride readily fumes in moist air at any temperature, giving off hydrogen chloride and titanium dioxide mist.
