Titanium nitride

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Titanium nitride
Names
IUPAC name
Titanium nitride
Other names
Osbornite
Titanium(III) nitride
Titanium mononitride
Properties
TiN
Molar mass 61.874 g/mol
Appearance Yellow or yellow-brown solid
Odor Odorless
Density 5.21 g/cm3
Melting point 2,947 °C (5,337 °F; 3,220 K)
Insoluble
Solubility Insoluble
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
−95.7 J·K-1·mol-1
−336 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2,000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Titanium carbide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Titanium nitride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula TiN. It is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties.

Properties

Chemical

Titanium nitride will oxidize at 800 °C in a normal atmosphere.

TiN resists the attack of most reagents at room temperature, but at high temperatures it can be attacked by hot acids.

Physical

Titanium nitride is a yellow or yellow-brown solid, insoluble in all solvents.

TiN is a very hard material, with a Vickers hardness of 1800–2100, a modulus of elasticity of 251 GPa, a thermal expansion coefficient of 9.35 ×10−6 K−1, and a superconducting transition temperature of 5.6 K.

Availability

Titanium nitride is sold by chemical suppliers and can also be bought from industrial entities as abrasive in various particle sizes.

Osbornite is a very rare natural form of titanium nitride, found almost exclusively in meteorites.

Preparation

Titanium nitride can be prepared by reacting titanium dioxide with ammonia at high temperatures.

Burning Ti powder in a nitrogen atmosphere will yield TiN.

TiN film may also be produced on Ti items by reactive growth (for example, annealing) in a nitrogen atmosphere. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is preferred for steel parts because the deposition temperatures exceeds the austenitizing temperature of steel. TiN layers are also sputtered on a variety of higher melting point materials such as stainless steels, titanium and titanium alloys.

Projects

  • TiN coating for edge retention and corrosion resistance in alloys
  • Create a "gold" coating on decorative materials
  • Compound collecting
  • Mineral collecting (osbornite)

Handling

Safety

TiN has low toxicity, though in powdered form it may be irritant. The material has been used in medical implants.

Storage

Should be kept in plastic bottles.

Disposal

No special disposal is required, can be dumped in trash, or mixed with cement and turned into a solid block.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads