The WiZard is In
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A whistling, stobing, flashing, banging liquid comp
Accession Number : AD0605706
Title : THEORY OF EXPLOSIVES: COLLECTION OF ARTICLES
Corporate Author : FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
Personal Author(s) : Andreev, K. K. ; Belyaev, A. F. ; Gol'binder, A. I. ; Gorst, A. G.
Handle / proxy Url : http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD605706
Report Date : 31 JAN 1964
Pagination or Media Count : 824
Tape No. MT 63-254
Chapter 3 Article 31
Pages 468 - 473 [PDF 670-678]
A. I. Gol'binder
Combustion of a Hypergolic Explosive Mixture and Its Transition Into Detonation
Attachment: Hypergolic Explosive Mixture.pdf (1.5MB)
This file has been downloaded 1039 times
A mixture of tetranitromethane and aniline, with a composition close to the
condition of zero oxygen balance, is self-ignited after a certain induction
period, which under ordinary conditions (atmospheric pressure, room temperature)
is close to a minute. Investigation of process, the self-ignition in particular
reactions occurring durirg the delay period, allowed us to establish the following characteristic
features of this phenomenon.
Combustion of the self-ignited mixture propagates with considerable speed,
approaching or even exceeding the stalling speed at which appears autoturbulence
of the surface of combustion liquid due to the Landau effect . Thus, in
tubes 13 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length at 18-210, the average speed of
combustion of such a mixture was from 0.44 to 0.80 g/cm2 sec. Characteristic
in this case is the irregularity of propagation of combustion, strong flame
ic pulsation and a significant (in 1.5-2 times) scatter of the time of
combustion of sectors of constant length in parallel experiments. Combustion in
tubes is accompanied by a sharp whistling sound. The zone of primary flame
adjoining the surface of the liquid has a significant width and gleams brightly.
The secondary flame above the section of the tube is hardly noticeable because
of lesser brightness. Even tubes of refractory glass are noticeably fused
during the combustion of the mixture, which i- not observed in the case of other
liquid explosives.
In many cases, the combustion of a self-ignited mixture of tetranitromethane and aniline
changed into detonation.
Other studied amines behave in a mixture with tetranitromethane,
similarly to aniline. The delay time of self-ignition and the burning rate of
mixtures of tetranitromethane with o-toluidine are close to those of corresponding
aniline mixtures. The critical height of the layer of mixture in the glass tube,
at which combustion transforms into detonation, in the case of o-toluidine, is
1 and/ also close to 10 cm. Mixtures of xyliline tetranitromethane are self-ignited
with a delay of about 1.5 sec.; burning occurs still faster than for the mixture
with aniline, with accelerated oscillations of speed, separate bursts and flame
pulsations.
In the case of a mixture of triethylamine and tetranitromethane self ignition
occurs with a short delay. It is impossible, therefore, Although
special devices to mix, during the delay time, any significant amounts of fuel and oxidizer.
During simple simultaneous pouring, the components do not
mix and are simply scattered during ignition of a small portion of them which
form a mixture. Ignition occurs in the form of a very sharp flash.
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Bot0nist
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That is really interesting. To bad I don't have any acetic anhydride.
U.T.F.S.E. and learn the joys of autodidacticism!
Don't judge each day only by the harvest you reap, but also by the seeds you sow.
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AndersHoveland
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actually heard of this before
supposedly tetranitromethane and aniline actually form an unstable adduct together
I'm not saying let's go kill all the stupid people...I'm just saying lets remove all the warning labels and let the problem sort itself out.
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a_bab
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The xylene/TNM mixture reminds me of something: maybe WiZ will find that notorious reference, in which is described the horrific explosion involving
some 10 grams of TNM/toluene mixture that killed quite some students along with their teacher.
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The WiZard is In
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Quote: Originally posted by a_bab  | | The xylene/TNM mixture reminds me of something: maybe WiZ will find that notorious reference, in which is described the horrific explosion involving
some 10 grams of TNM/toluene mixture that killed quite some students along with their teacher. |
Put your check in the mail please. What Science Madness
needs is a tip jar.
In 1920 at the University of Münster a massive iron gas
burner containing a residue of 10 grams of tetranitromethane
and toluene mixture decomposed suddenly. The detonation
splintered the container, and of 300 students in the area,
10 were killed and 20 injured!
Several secondary references. Primary reference not seen
by me:—
Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Schiess- und Sprengstoffwesen
25:439 1930
Nitromethane [Tetra] / Toluene 86.5/13.5 Det. vol. 9300m/sec
PATR-2700 D636
Tetranitromethane
Tetranitromethan; t´ etranitrom´ethane; TNM
colorless liquid with a pungent smell
empirical formula: CN4O8
molecular weight: 196.0
energy of formation: +65.0 kcal/kg = +272.1 kJ/kg
enthalpy of formation: +46.9 kcal/kg = +196.4 kJ/kg
oxygen balance: +49.0%
nitrogen content: 28.59%
volume of explosion gases: 685 l/kg
heat of explosion*): 526 kcal/kg = 2200 kJ/kg
specific energy: 69.1 mt/kg = 677 kJ/kg
density: 1.6377 g/cm3
solidification point: 13.75 °C = 56.75 °F
boiling point: 126 °C = 259 °F vapor pressure
Pressure Temperature
millibar °C °F
12 20 68
57 50 122
420 100 212
1010 126 259 (boiling
point)
detonation velocity, confined:
6360 m/s = 20 900 ft/s at r = 1.637 g/cm3
* The presence of small amounts of impurities may easily increase the experimental
value to above 1000 kcal/kg.
Tetranitromethane is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol
and ether. The volatile compound strongly attacks the lungs.
The oxygen rich derivative is not explosive by itself, but forms
highly brisant mixtures with hydrocarbons such as toluene.
Tetranitromethane is formed as a by-product during nitration of
aromatic hydrocarbons with concentrated acids at high
temperatures, following opening of the ring. It can also be
prepared by reacting acetylene with nitric acid in the presence
of mercury nitrate as a catalyst. According to a more recent
method, tetranitromethane is prepared by introducing a slow
stream of ketene into cooled 100% nitric acid. When the
reaction mixture is poured into ice water, tetranitromethane
separates out.
Mixtures of tetranitromethane with organic fuels are very
sensitive to impact and friction and may react spontaneously by
detonation or fast deflagration.
R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg
Explosives
6th Ed
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