Difference between revisions of "Calcium perchlorate"

From Sciencemadness Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with "'''Calcium perchlorate''' is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. ==Properties== ===Chemical=== Calcium chlorat...")
 
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
'''Calcium perchlorate''' is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
+
{{Chembox
 +
| Name = Calcium perchlorate
 +
| Reference =
 +
| IUPACName = Calcium perchlorate
 +
| PIN =
 +
| SystematicName =
 +
| OtherNames = Calcium diperchlorate
 +
<!-- Images -->
 +
| ImageFile =
 +
| ImageSize =
 +
| ImageAlt =
 +
| ImageName =
 +
| ImageFile1 =
 +
| ImageSize1 =
 +
| ImageAlt1 =
 +
| ImageName1 =
 +
| ImageFile2 =
 +
| ImageSize2 =
 +
| ImageAlt2 =
 +
| ImageName2 =
 +
| ImageFile3 =
 +
| ImageSize3 =
 +
| ImageAlt3 =
 +
| ImageName3 =
 +
| ImageFileL1 =
 +
| ImageSizeL1 =
 +
| ImageAltL1 =
 +
| ImageNameL1 =
 +
| ImageFileR1 =
 +
| ImageSizeR1 =
 +
| ImageAltR1 =
 +
| ImageNameR1 =
 +
| ImageFileL2 =
 +
| ImageSizeL2 =
 +
| ImageAltL2 =
 +
| ImageNameL2 =
 +
| ImageFileR2 =
 +
| ImageSizeR2 =
 +
| ImageAltR2 =
 +
| ImageNameR2 =
 +
<!-- Sections -->
 +
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
 +
| 3DMet =
 +
| Abbreviations =
 +
| SMILES =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
 +
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
 +
| Appearance = White hygroscopic solid
 +
| BoilingPt =
 +
| BoilingPtC =
 +
| BoilingPt_ref =
 +
| BoilingPt_notes = Decomposes
 +
| Density = 2.651 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
 +
| Formula = Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
 +
| HenryConstant =
 +
| LogP =
 +
| MolarMass = 238.9792 g/mol
 +
| MeltingPt =
 +
| MeltingPtC = 416-417
 +
| MeltingPt_ref =
 +
| MeltingPt_notes = <ref>Migdal-Mikuli, Anna; Hetmanczyk, Joanna; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; vol. 91; nb. 2; (2008); p.
 +
529 - 534</ref>
 +
| Odor = Odorless
 +
| pKa =
 +
| pKb =
 +
| Solubility = 188 g/100 ml (20 °C)
 +
| SolubleOther = Slightly soluble in [[acetone]], [[alcohol]]s, [[ethyl acetate]]<br>Almost insoluble in [[diethyl ether]], [[glycerol]]
 +
| Solubility1 = 3.82 g/100 g (25 °C)<ref>Willard; Smith; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 45; (1923); p. 293</ref>
 +
| Solvent1 = acetone
 +
| Solubility2 = 5.32 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent2 = butanol
 +
| Solubility3 = 0.26 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent3 = diethyl ether
 +
| Solubility4 = 6.24 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent4 = ethanol
 +
| Solubility5 = 4.306 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent5 = ethyl acetate
 +
| Solubility6 = 7.036 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent6 = methanol
 +
| Solubility7 = 5.92 g/100 g (25 °C)
 +
| Solvent7 = propanol
 +
| VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg
 +
  }}
 +
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 +
| Coordination =
 +
| CrystalStruct =
 +
| MolShape =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
 +
| DeltaGf =
 +
| DeltaHc =
 +
| DeltaHf = -735 kJ/mol
 +
| Entropy =
 +
| HeatCapacity = 186.4 JKmol
 +
  }}
 +
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
 +
| ShockSens =
 +
| FrictionSens =
 +
| DetonationV =
 +
| REFactor =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
 +
| AutoignitionPt =
 +
| ExploLimits =
 +
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/i5zu2bV/calcium-perchlorate-tetrahydrate-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] (tetrahydrate)
 +
| FlashPt =
 +
| LD50 =
 +
| LC50 =
 +
| MainHazards = Oxidizer
 +
| NFPA-F =
 +
| NFPA-H =
 +
| NFPA-R =
 +
| NFPA-S =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
 +
| OtherAnions =
 +
| OtherCations =
 +
| OtherFunction =
 +
| OtherFunction_label =
 +
| OtherCompounds = [[Calcium hypochlorite]]<br>[[Calcium chlorate]]
 +
  }}
 +
}}
 +
'''Calcium perchlorate''' is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula '''Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>'''. It is commonly encountered as tetrahydrate.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
−
Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with sulfuric acid to release [[perchloric acid]], while calcium sulfate is precipitated.
+
Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with [[sulfuric acid]] to release [[perchloric acid]], while calcium sulfate is precipitated.
 +
 
 +
: Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → CaSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 HClO<sub>4</sub>
 +
 
 +
If concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid is used, one could prepare anhydrous perchloric acid, though this is very dangerous, since concentrated perchloric acid may explode in contact with organic substances.
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
Line 9: Line 136:
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
−
Calcium perchlorate is difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate.
+
Calcium perchlorate is somewhat difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate.
 +
 
 +
In the EU, the sale of perchlorates is regulated, however, per directive level, only sodium and potassium perchlorate are restricted, meaning that unless the member country restricts other perchlorates, calcium perchlorate should not normally be restricted.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]].
 
Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]].
  
−
:2NaClO<sub>4</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> → Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaCl
+
: 2 NaClO<sub>4</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> → Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaCl
  
 
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield.
 
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield.
Line 26: Line 155:
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
−
In closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid.
+
Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
 +
Calcium perchlorate can be destroyed with metallic [[iron]] under UV light, in the absence of air.<ref>[https://books.google.ro/books?id=gjfSBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=perchlorate+neutralization&source=bl&ots=ztEPz18eE-&sig=oHHZzByFHPVjYIVxbvzGl4SC_xQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5gpTJm_XJAhVBURoKHb3LB4o4ChDoAQguMAc#v=onepage&q=perchlorate%20neutralization&f=false Perchlorate in the Environment (2000), Edward Todd Urbansky, pag. 106]</ref>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12544 Calcium Perchlorate]
 +
 +
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Inorganic compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Calcium compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Perchlorates]]
 +
[[Category:Oxidizing agents]]

Latest revision as of 11:11, 2 November 2019

Calcium perchlorate
Names
IUPAC name
Calcium perchlorate
Other names
Calcium diperchlorate
Properties
Ca(ClO4)2
Molar mass 238.9792 g/mol
Appearance White hygroscopic solid
Odor Odorless
Density 2.651 g/cm3
Melting point 416–417 °C (781–783 °F; 689–690 K) [2]
Boiling point Decomposes
188 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Solubility Slightly soluble in acetone, alcohols, ethyl acetate
Almost insoluble in diethyl ether, glycerol
Solubility in acetone 3.82 g/100 g (25 °C)[1]
Solubility in butanol 5.32 g/100 g (25 °C)
Solubility in diethyl ether 0.26 g/100 g (25 °C)
Solubility in ethanol 6.24 g/100 g (25 °C)
Solubility in ethyl acetate 4.306 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
-735 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich (tetrahydrate)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium chlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Calcium perchlorate is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula Ca(ClO4)2. It is commonly encountered as tetrahydrate.

Properties

Chemical

Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with sulfuric acid to release perchloric acid, while calcium sulfate is precipitated.

Ca(ClO4)2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2 HClO4

If concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid is used, one could prepare anhydrous perchloric acid, though this is very dangerous, since concentrated perchloric acid may explode in contact with organic substances.

Physical

Calcium perchlorate is a white hygroscopic salt, soluble in water, ethanol and methanol.

Availability

Calcium perchlorate is somewhat difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate.

In the EU, the sale of perchlorates is regulated, however, per directive level, only sodium and potassium perchlorate are restricted, meaning that unless the member country restricts other perchlorates, calcium perchlorate should not normally be restricted.

Preparation

Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of sodium perchlorate and calcium chloride.

2 NaClO4 + CaCl2 → Ca(ClO4)2 + 2 NaCl

Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than sodium chloride and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield.

Projects

  • Make concentrated perchloric acid

Handling

Safety

Calcium perchlorate is a strong oxidizer, but its hygroscopicity makes it less powerful. It is toxic if consumed.

Storage

Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid.

Disposal

Calcium perchlorate can be destroyed with metallic iron under UV light, in the absence of air.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Willard; Smith; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 45; (1923); p. 293
  2. ↑ Migdal-Mikuli, Anna; Hetmanczyk, Joanna; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; vol. 91; nb. 2; (2008); p. 529 - 534
  3. ↑ Perchlorate in the Environment (2000), Edward Todd Urbansky, pag. 106

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

Retrieved from "https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Calcium_perchlorate&oldid=12109"