Hydrogen bromide

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Hydrogen bromide
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrogen bromide
Other names
Anhydrous hydrobromic acid
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
HBr
Molar mass 80.91 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Brownish gas (impure)
Odor Acrid
Density 3.6452 kg/m3 (At 0 °C, 1013 mbar)
Melting point −86.9 °C (−124.4 °F; 186.2 K)
Boiling point −66.8 °C (−88.2 °F; 206.3 K)
221 g/100 mL (0 °C)
204 g/100 mL (15 °C)
193 g/100 mL (20 °C)
130 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility Reacts with amines
Soluble in alcohols
Vapor pressure 2.308 MPa (at 21 °C)
Acidity (pKa) ~–9
Thermochemistry
198.696-198.704 J·K−1·mol−1
-36.45--36.13 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet Praxair
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2858 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
814 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Hydrogen bromide is a gaseous corrosive compound with the chemical formula HBr. When dissolved in water, the solution is known as hydrobromic acid.

Properties

Chemical

Hydrogen bromide reacts with metals such as magnesium or aluminium to yield their respective bromides.

Reaction with ammonia in gaseous phase will result in a very fine ammonium bromide mist.

Physical

Hydrogen bromide is a colorless gas, though in the presence of light it will slowly turn yellow-brownish, due to traces of bromine. It is extremely soluble in water, as well as alcohols and other organic solvents. Hydrogen bromide has an unpleasant acrid smell.

Availability

Anhydrous hydrogen bromide is only sold to industrial entities.

Preparation

Reaction of diluted sulfuric acid with a bromide salt yields hydrobromic acid, which can be dehydrated through a variety of methods to hydrogen bromide, however it may decompose to form small amounts of elemental bromine.

A much better method involves the bromination of tetralin:

C10H12 + 4 Br2 → C10H8Br4 + 4 HBr[1]

Lastly reacting hydrogen and bromine gas under light will also yield anhydrous hydrogen bromide.[2] This reaction is much less dangerous than that between hydrogen and chlorine.

All the bromide traces from the described processes can be removed by passing the impure hydrogen bromide though a layer of phenol or or through copper turnings at high temperature, in the absence of oxygen.

Projects

  • Make anhydrous bromide salts

Handling

Safety

Hydrogen bromide is extremely corrosive and dangerous for lungs, mouth, nose and eyes if inhaled.

Storage

Anhydrous hydrogen bromide should be stored in special containers, in a separate location.

Disposal

Gaseous hydrogen bromide can be neutralized with ammonia, though this will generate a mist of ammonium bromide. A better way is to react it with a base or sodium thiosulfate.

References

  1. M. Schmeisser "Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 282.
  2. http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=cv2p0338

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