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Author: Subject: h202 concentration?
mick
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[*] posted on 7-2-2005 at 11:00


I have not seen this mentioned anywhere here and I have not prepared it but it sounds interesting.

Being an organic chemist, stable oxidisers with organic chemicals are useful.

Hydrogen peroxide- urea compound

It is used as an alternative to 90% H2O2
As a source of anhydrous H2O2 in oxidation reactions.
Soluble in water and alcohols, low solubility in organic solvents such as DCM.
Prepared by recrystallizing aqueous H2O2 with urea.
The pure material needs to be kept cold etc
The 90% material, I assume the rest is is urea, is OK at RT but it states that it can be made to detonate under forcing conditions.
Decomposition accelerates at it MP (80 ish).
Recommends the stuff is used behind a blast screen.
It could be safer, easier to store and easier to handle than pure H2O2.
Could be wrong.
mick

The 90% commercial stuff might have an inert filler to increase its stability

edit mick

[Edited on 7-2-2005 by mick]

[Edited on 7-2-2005 by mick]
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[*] posted on 7-2-2005 at 14:30


I've made this compound before. I made it before I knew all it's oxidising strength. I may still have a small sample around. It was said to form a touch sensitive explosive in contact with Sodium dithionite(Na2S2O4). The proceedure was originally on Lagen's page, under the title of Carbamide peroxide. The reaction was smooth and pretty simple actually. I can post the synth if anyone wants it.
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h0lx
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[*] posted on 7-1-2006 at 01:12
Concentrating hydrogen peroxide.


I am looking into getting some high concentrated hydrogen peroxide and I was wondering how fas should I evaporate water and since what concentration would be optimal to start dessicating? I am using 50% H2O2 for starting.
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Marvin
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[*] posted on 7-1-2006 at 03:34


Sure that is 50% and not 50 volume btw?

This has been covered before, but intended for much lower concentrations. My personal opinion is that dessicating is your only option for something that high.

Somewhere I had concentration limits by freezing, but I think you are neerly out of that range.
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[*] posted on 7-1-2006 at 06:10


Vacuum distillation would be the fastest and most economic way.
I have done it before to make some 80% H2O2. The concentration can reach over 90% when enough water / dilute H2O2 is distilled off.
You need to use a boiling capillary, otherwise severe bumping will occur.
A column is also highly recommended.

If no vacuum still is available, you can use sparging: bubble hot air (aquarium air pump + dust filter + air heater (heated copper pipe through which the air is led)) through the H2O2 inside a narrow- necked container (to minimize contamination with dust) until the level of liquid has dropped the right amount. Keep in mind that at the end the evaporation a lot of H2O2 begins evaporating. You will have to evaporate 50% H2O2 to ca. 20% of its original volume to obtain over 90% H2O2.
30% H2O2 needs to be evaporated down to about 10% of its original amount.
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[*] posted on 7-1-2006 at 08:30


How much of a problem is decomposition in these methods? I would think that heating hydrogen peroxide would cause a good deal of it.
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[*] posted on 8-1-2006 at 01:17


Hmm, If it's recomendable to dessicate from there, I think I will buy some 70% peroxide, which is more costy though, but less work concentrating it. I don't have a Vacuum still, limited to normal distillation. BTW, how far can it be concentrated by dessicating, what is the maximum?
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[*] posted on 8-1-2006 at 20:37


if some kind of stabilizer is added(like Na pyrophosphate) ... would that reduce the loss?



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[*] posted on 9-1-2006 at 21:40


Go to a hydroponics store...they should sell HydroX or 35-40% H2O2. It is added to water to promote oxidation of plants/ anti bacterial solution for water. Also known as OxyShock....

I have 100 L of the stuff. Freakin' corrosive stuff!




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cool.gif posted on 10-1-2006 at 19:53


Those cheap hotplates can be enhanced a little, bypass the bi-metal thermostat unit on the front, and put a 1000 watt light dimmer (lutron makes them, try home depot) inline on the cord, those hotplates are usually on 800 watts or so. This will allow you much more precise control of the heating element (It is a resistive load, just like a light bulb).



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agent_entropy
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[*] posted on 23-9-2006 at 15:31


So what sort of filter SHOULD be used for filtering the ice out of H2O2 when concentrating by the freezing method? Above it is mentioned that glass filters should NOT be used, but regular filter paper is, well, paper (organic material); won't the H2O2 attack it?

About the sparging method... above, both air (from an air pump) and pure oxygen (bernzomatic) are suggested for use in bubbling through the peroxide to be concentrated. I expect that there is some benefit to using oxygen rather than air? (2 H2O2 -> 2 H2O + O2 ... keeps the equilibrium to the reactant side?)

PS. I can't seem to find the vapor pressure of pure H2O2, any help is appreciated.
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not_important
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[*] posted on 23-9-2006 at 21:54


CRC handboook

1 mm @ 15,3 C
10 mm @ 50,4
40 mm @ 77
100 mm 97,9
400 mm @ 137,4 with decomposition
760 mm @ 158 with decomposition

It's rally worth getting a vacuum source, aspirator and recirculating pump. sparing really needs good filtering of the air to avoid hastening decomposition from stuff in the air.

There's no advantage that I know of to using O2 at any practical pressure, except in removing excess money.

H2O2 of 80% on up gets exciting.
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[*] posted on 27-9-2006 at 21:28
H2O2 Links


I have collected some useful links researching H2O2 production and availability.
Two related threads in this forum are here _
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=3214#p...
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=2150#p...

It's my conclusion that the price of HTP ( high test peroxide ) even if it is available
at all in the modest amounts needed by experimenters , but more typically even in
30 liter jerry can sizes is excessively costly. Anything above standard 35% strength
incurs additional hazardous handling charges since 50% strength is considered
( what it is ) an oxidizer.
Some practical and enterprising individuals have resorted quite succesfully to
distilling 35% grade to acheive 98-99% pure propellant grade.
http://www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/destilai.html

Good accurate practical information from individuals who handle and work with HTP
http://www.peroxidepropulsion.com/article/3
http://www.gkllc.com/hydrogen_peroxide_tech_data.html

I posted this elsewhere before , it has good overall information
http://www.h2o2.com
http://www.h2o2.com/intro/properties.html

Here is how peroxide is made industrially
http://www.cheresources.com/h2o2.shtml

available grades
http://www.fmcchemicals.com/Default.aspx?tabid=1441
http://www.solvaychemicals.us/services/resourcelibrary/hydro...

useful info on assaying and handling , read the whole thing
http://www.arkema.com/pdf/EN/products/oxygenes/Hydrogen_pero...

How much should you pay ? It's best to see what others are paying
http://uh.edu/researchstores/chemicals_solvents_pricelist.pd...

a source supplier
http://www.dfwx.com/h2o2.html
( I have not purchased them )

another site here posted here _ ( has anyone purchased from them ? )
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=3497&a...
http://chemicals.50webs.com
Listed chemicals
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?action=att...

[Edited on 28-9-2006 by franklyn]
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[*] posted on 6-10-2006 at 06:55


Do you know how inexpensive 30% & 40% H2O2 is to buy at a beauty supply store?
Why kill yourself?
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Fleaker
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[*] posted on 6-10-2006 at 14:24


I've never heard of them selling more than 6% solution at a beauty supply store.
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[*] posted on 6-10-2006 at 20:54


Quote:
Originally posted by 5
Do you know how inexpensive 30% & 40% H2O2 is to buy at a beauty supply store?
Why kill yourself?


Generally that's 6%, 12% if you are lucky. Beauty supply places may take notice of an old, bald guy buying at lot of peroxide. In Canada 30% on up peroxide is going to be tracked and possibly restricted. Expect the US to follow, no matter which of their parties takes control in the upcoming elections.

http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=6447
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[*] posted on 16-4-2007 at 22:33


useful overview and data on H2O2 , see page 9

http://envsolutions.fmc.com/Portals/fao/Content/Docs/FMC%20H...

.
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[*] posted on 17-4-2007 at 06:42


Another consideration with H2O2 is that metal ions catalyze the autolysis, make sure everything is really clean before starting any concentration procedure.

I used to treat cyanide wastes with peroxide, 50%. I'd add some cupric ions, pump in the peroxide, judiciously. That's important, because when the cyanide went down to the point where free Cu2+ was present, the autolysis reaction would start going like gangbusters and if there was too much peroxide in the mix, the batch would foam over like a stein of beer. Not dangerous, but messy as hell.

Impressive, seeing this happen with a 2000 gallon tank of crap.
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[*] posted on 8-8-2007 at 07:32


One thing to keep in mind when working with H2O2 in conc. greater than 35 %

the FDA recommends that you refrain from ingesting it or injecting it intravenously.


see .... http://www.h2o2.com/FDA_Press_Release_072706.pdf

Good to know.




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[*] posted on 8-8-2007 at 09:31


That's just to warn against internet quackery.

Anyone with a sane mind knows they shouldn't inject H2O2, even not in low concentration.




One shouldn't accept or resort to the mutilation of science to appease the mentally impaired.
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[*] posted on 8-8-2007 at 11:19


Injecting 35% H2O2 :oLMFAO!!:o

That sounds like Darwin award material for sure!
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[*] posted on 8-8-2007 at 19:08


Any concentration (1%, even) IV will be instantly broken down by catalase and iron compounds in the blood. This will yield O2 (g) which will (likely) yield clots and death via embolism. Bubbles in the blood stream are bad, mkay!

Greater concentrations should only add to the spectacle, not the final result:o.

WTF?

O3




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[*] posted on 11-8-2007 at 08:02


You can find H2O2 at beauty stores to what they describe as 40 volumes (probably the maximum strength you can get to get those highlights XD) which turns out to be a 12% solution.
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[*] posted on 5-11-2007 at 20:33


Quote:
Originally posted by S.C. Wack
I went to the library last Sunday to look up the ozone via H2SO4 electrolysis refs. Not that I have Pt electrodes, just curious. The only peroxide sp. gr. tables that I had were in 10% increments, so I wrote down what was in one of the refs that I stumbled on while doing so. I think that this was at 16C: 20% = 1.0725, 25% = 1.0918, 30% = 1.1122, 35% = 1.1327, 40% = 1.1536, 45% = 1.1749.

I've made small amounts of the Ba and Na peroxide hydrates from the hydroxides and H2O2. Not sure how well these dry out, at least without P2O5 in the vacuum dessicator. But they do precipitate very nicely out of the H2O2 and are easily isolated quickly. I seem to remember reading somewhere that heating without vacuum gives loss of O as well as water, so I haven't tried that.

One of the books that I scanned and uploaded to axehandle, Oxidations in Organic Chemistry, mentions the preparation of anhydrous H2O2 in Et2O from the 30% peroxide if anyone ever needs such a thing.

I make all of my peroxide now, in not small amounts, from drugstore 3%. I hoard it when it is on sale, 3 pints for $1. I used to just let it evaporate because with the stabilizers and all, if you use big clean (buffed to a polish) glass mixing bowls then dust is not a problem. Even 35% can have a bunch of dust on it and not bubble at all. Yields were high. Metal is another story. But then I found that heating below 70C will concentrate to 45% with little loss of O2.

I've tried the freezing yet I use heating. But that's me.

Don't know if this has been mentioned before, but the volume thing is based on how much O can be released from 1 ml of the peroxide; e.g. 1 ml of 3% H2O2 can release 10 ml of O.

Off topic, but the only other thing that happened at the library Sunday, other than the peroxide refs (and being required to present photo ID in addition to my library card!) was accidentally stumbling onto an interesting Na production lecture demonstration from JCE. Looks like Cyrus was onto something when he mentioned using light bulbs in the unconventional Na thread, sort of, but he got no love. I uploaded it to axehandle as na_from_nano3_and _a_light_bulb.pdf. Someone might want to see exactly how much Na a light bulb could produce if left on long enough. I paid too much for mine to not use it, so it's up to someone else.

[Edited on 25-11-2004 by S.C. Wack]


Are you typing that one could get to around 35% by just letting it sit around exposed, and evaporate? Also, if I try heating, by keeping the temp around 70C, I can concentrate to ~50%?

Thanks

[Edited on 5-11-2007 by Aristocles]




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S.C. Wack
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[*] posted on 6-11-2007 at 03:12


The concentration by evaporation at STP is my own experience. It does take a while. The exact numbers of 45%/70C may be from the literature or I may have accidentally gone too far in the oven one day, I don't remember now. Maybe both.

Obviously I should have chosen cc's instead of ml's as my volume measurement above.
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