Difference between revisions of "Heptane"

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'''Heptane''' or '''n-heptane''' is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
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| Name = Heptane
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = Heptane
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = n-Heptane
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| ImageFile = Heptane bottle and sample.jpg
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| ImageSize = 280
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| ImageCaption = n-Heptane bottle and sample from it
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| ImageFileL1 = Heptane Structure.png
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| ImageSizeL1 = 240
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| 3DMet =
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| Abbreviations =
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| SMILES = CCCCCCC
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = Colorless liquid
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| BoilingPt =
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| BoilingPtC = 98.1 to 98.7
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| BoilingPt_ref =
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| BoilingPt_notes =
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| Density = 0.6795 g/ml
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| Formula = C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
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| HenryConstant = 12 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
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| LogP = 4.274
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| MolarMass = 100.21 g/mol
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| MeltingPt =
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| MeltingPtC = −91.0 to −90.1
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| MeltingPt_ref =
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| MeltingPt_notes =
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| Odor = Gasoline-like
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| pKa =
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| pKb =
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| Solubility = 0.0003% (20 °C)
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| SolubleOther = Miscible with [[ethanol]]
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| Solvent =
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| VaporPressure = 5.33 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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| DeltaGf =
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| DeltaHc = −4.825–−4.809 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| DeltaHf = −225.2–−223.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| Entropy = 328.57 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| HeatCapacity = 224.64 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| ShockSens = Non-explosive
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| AutoignitionPt = 223.0 °C
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| ExploLimits = 1.05–6.7%
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| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924237 ScienceLab]
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| FlashPt = −4.0 °C
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| LD50 = 17,986 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
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| LC50 =
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| MainHazards = Flammable, irritant
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
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| OtherAnions =
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| OtherCations =
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| OtherFunction =
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| OtherFunction_label =
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| OtherCompounds = [[Hexane]]<br>[[Octane]]
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  }}
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}}
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'''Heptane''' or '''n-heptane''' is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula '''C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>''', used as  solvent.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
−
Heptane will burn in air.
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Heptane will burn when ignited in air to release [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]] vapors and soot.
 +
 
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: C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub> + 11 O<sub>2</sub> → 7 CO<sub>2</sub> + 8 H<sub>2</sub>O
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
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Certain types of lighter fluids contain heptane.
 
Certain types of lighter fluids contain heptane.
  
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Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and [[diethyl ether]]. Due to the large difference of the boiling point of the two components, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane.
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Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and [[diethyl ether]]. Due to the large difference between their boiling points, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane. However, some formulas may also contain other isomers of heptane, making the extraction of the pure n-heptane complicated.
 +
 
 +
Some barbecue lighter fluids tend to have a mixture of heptane and hexane, with a small addition of [[naphta]], while others can have relative pure heptane.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
−
Delete this section if not applicable
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Heptane can be prepared by reducing heptane derivates. However it is generally much cheaper to simply buy the compound.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
 
*Identify aqueous bromine from iodine
 
*Identify aqueous bromine from iodine
 +
*Organic extractions
 +
*Fuel
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
 +
Heptane is flammable and it's vapors may be irritant if inhaled.
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
 +
Heptane is best stored in closed bottles, kept in cold, dark and well ventilated places.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
 +
Heptane can be safely burned in open air or in an incinerator.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
*[https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=19458 heptane byproduct]
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=21142 Use of n-heptane in column chromatography?]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Organic compounds]]
 
[[Category:Organic compounds]]
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[[Category:Hydrocarbons]]
 
[[Category:Alkanes]]
 
[[Category:Alkanes]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
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[[Category:Liquids]]

Latest revision as of 23:20, 8 August 2020

Heptane
Heptane bottle and sample.jpg
n-Heptane bottle and sample from it
Heptane Structure.png
Names
IUPAC name
Heptane
Other names
n-Heptane
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
C7H16
Molar mass 100.21 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like
Density 0.6795 g/ml
Melting point −91.0 to −90.1 °C (−131.8 to −130.2 °F; 182.2 to 183.1 K)
Boiling point 98.1 to 98.7 °C (208.6 to 209.7 °F; 371.2 to 371.8 K)
0.0003% (20 °C)
Solubility Miscible with ethanol
Vapor pressure 5.33 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
Thermochemistry
328.57 J K−1 mol−1
−225.2–−223.6 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet ScienceLab
Flash point −4.0 °C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
17,986 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Hexane
Octane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula C7H16, used as solvent.

Properties

Chemical

Heptane will burn when ignited in air to release carbon dioxide, water vapors and soot.

C7H16 + 11 O2 → 7 CO2 + 8 H2O

Physical

Heptane is a colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.

Availability

Certain types of lighter fluids contain heptane.

Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and diethyl ether. Due to the large difference between their boiling points, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane. However, some formulas may also contain other isomers of heptane, making the extraction of the pure n-heptane complicated.

Some barbecue lighter fluids tend to have a mixture of heptane and hexane, with a small addition of naphta, while others can have relative pure heptane.

Preparation

Heptane can be prepared by reducing heptane derivates. However it is generally much cheaper to simply buy the compound.

Projects

  • Identify aqueous bromine from iodine
  • Organic extractions
  • Fuel

Handling

Safety

Heptane is flammable and it's vapors may be irritant if inhaled.

Storage

Heptane is best stored in closed bottles, kept in cold, dark and well ventilated places.

Disposal

Heptane can be safely burned in open air or in an incinerator.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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