Methyl acetate

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Methyl acetate
Names
IUPAC name
Methyl acetate
Systematic IUPAC name
Methyl ethanoate
Other names
MeOAc
Methyl ethanoate
Methyl ester of acetic acid
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
CH3COOCH3
C3H6O2
Molar mass 74.08 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Fragrant, fruity, nail polisher-like
Density 0.9342 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point −98 °C (−144 °F; 175 K)
Boiling point 56.9 °C (134.4 °F; 330.0 K)
24.4 g/100 ml (at 20 °C)
Solubility Miscible with alcohols, ethers
Vapor pressure 173 mmHg (at 20°C)
Hazards
Safety data sheet ScienceLab
Flash point −10 °C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3700 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)
11,039 ppm (mouse, 4 hr)
21,753 ppm (cat, 1 hr)
32,000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Methyl formate
Ethyl formate
Ethyl acetate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Methyl acetate (or MeOAc) is an organic compound which is liquid at room temperature and widely used as a solvent. It has the chemical formula CH3COOCH3.

Properties

Chemical

Methyl acetate is carbonylated under high pressure (50 atm) and temperature (190 °C) to yield acetic anhydride:

CH3CO2CH3 + CO → (CH3CO)2O

This reaction takes place in the presence of various catalysts.

Physical

Methyl acetate is a volatile colorless liquid, somewhat soluble in water (25%) and miscible with other organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers. Methyl acetate has a melting point of −98 °C. Its boiling point of 56.9 °C is very close to that of acetone (56.05 °C).

Availability

Methyl acetate is found in various paint thinners and sometimes in nail polishers. Fractional distillation is required to separate it.

Methyl acetate is sometimes found mixed with ethyl acetate, in certain (poly)urethane strippers.

Preparation

Methyl acetate can be made via Fischer esterification, between anhydrous methanol and glacial acetic acid. A catalyst such as sulfuric acid is used, though iron(III) sulfate can also be used. The process takes place under reflux.

Projects

  • Organic extractions
  • Acetic anhydride synthesis

Handling

Safety

Methyl acetate is flammable. While it is considered a mild skin irritant, methyl acetate poses little toxicity.

Storage

Methyl acetate should be stored in closed bottles, and kept away from moisture, acidic vapors and bases. Due to its relative low boiling point, it's best to keep it in a cool place, especially during summer.

Disposal

Methyl acetate can be safely burned, preferably outside. Hydrolysis yields acetic acid and methanol which can either be recovered or destroyed.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads