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• Ammonia
  '''Ammonia''' is the simplest [[amine]], with the formula '''NH₃'''. It exists as a [[gas]] at room temperature, a ...te (NH₃·H₂O), with both coexisting in solution, but the non-ionic hydrate predominating. It is also a mild [[reducer|reducing agent
  11 KB (1,471 words) - 22:56, 24 August 2023
• Carbon
  ...tions. It will burn in oxygen, the grade of oxidation greatly depending on the allotrope used as well as particle size and oxygen concentration. It will reduce the oxides of metals low on the reactivity scale to pure element, and forms carbides with more reactive met
  14 KB (1,993 words) - 22:25, 26 August 2023
• Chemistry around the internet
  ...age contains a list of general references to various other '''sites around the internet''' which contain information about chemistry. ''Italicized'' sites Use the hashtag #sciencemadnessDB when mentioning us on Twitter, tumblr, or other s
  5 KB (707 words) - 20:20, 7 August 2023
• Ethylenediamine
  ...] and a ubiquitous chemical building block in [[organic synthesis]]. It is volatile, but tends to form a mist in air, which is quite toxic. ...ture. It freezes at 8 °C and boils at 116 °C, both of which are close to the melting and boiling points of water. It has an ammonia-like smell, and its
  6 KB (664 words) - 19:16, 25 November 2021
• Methyl formate
  | Appearance = Colorless volatile liquid | MainHazards = Irritant<br>Flammable<br>Volatile
  6 KB (769 words) - 18:41, 9 July 2023
• Proper disposal of chemicals
  ...ds or organic solvents, that require '''special disposal techniques'''. In the interest of keeping lab costs low, though, it may be a good idea to look in ...for any (failed) attempts at neutralizing hazardous reagents. Do not treat the written disposal guidelines as absolute.
  347 KB (46,057 words) - 20:09, 13 March 2024
• Potassium permanganate
  ...k in high concentrations. Potassium permanganate contains [[manganese]] in the +7 oxidation state, and is a strong [[oxidizer]] commonly encountered in a Potassium permanganate in the presence of strong acids will oxidize primary alcohols to carboxylic acids
  9 KB (1,171 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2023
• Software tools for chemistry
  There are many '''software''' that are helpful for the amateur chemist, some professional, others more accessible. ...ire.com/file/aesa60r6c2w4e41/ChemistryInlineFormula.exe Mediafire] or from the [http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=64755&page=2#pid4933
  8 KB (1,156 words) - 12:06, 9 January 2022
• Sulfur trioxide
  ...highly corrosive and easily melted white solid at room temperature. It is the acid anhydride of [[sulfuric acid]]. ...material it comes into contact with. Sulfur trioxide reacts with water in the air to form a high;y dangerous and corrosive dense fog of concentrated sulf
  11 KB (1,598 words) - 23:45, 25 August 2020
• Tetrahydrofuran
  | DeltaHc = -2,507.05 kJ/mol<ref>Cass et al.; Journal of the Chemical Society; (1958); p. 1406,1407</ref> ...s a heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether, or [[furan]], with the formula '''(CH₂)₄O'''.
  8 KB (1,134 words) - 13:57, 4 April 2020
• Sulfuric acid
  ...hemistry and the most important chemical to industries in the world. It is the strongest easily available acid, with a pK_a of -3. The second dissociation forms sulfate and another hydronium ion from a hydrogen
  27 KB (4,285 words) - 21:31, 9 September 2023
• Ytterbium
  ...[magnesium]]. It is not a particularly interesting addition to the amateur chemist's lab, but it and its ytterbium(II) derivatives are powerful [[Reducer|redu ...brassy metal, sometimes found darkened as it slowly tarnishes in air over the course of months or years. It exists in three [[allotrope]]s: α-ytterbium,
  12 KB (1,663 words) - 15:52, 7 May 2021
• Iodine
  ...symbol '''I''' and atomic number 53. It is a reactive [[halogen]] which is volatile and has many uses in inorganic and organic chemistry. Unlike the other halogens, iodine is solid at standard conditions and does not sublime
  12 KB (1,710 words) - 15:21, 23 December 2021
• Improvisation
  ...ab equipment as '''replacement'''. It's possible to replace many things in the lab, from [[glassware]], [[plasticware]], etc. to entire processes, by usin ...ardness]] of glass is between 5-7, you will need very abrasive sandpapers (the black type for example, has [[silicon carbide]], which is adequate), or an
  21 KB (3,515 words) - 21:18, 20 March 2023
• Pyridine
  | pKa = 5.25 (for the conjugate acid) ...e]] ring with one =CH- group being replaced by a [[nitrogen]] atom, giving the chemical formula '''C₅H₅N'''.
  7 KB (974 words) - 17:44, 30 November 2022
• Sodium bisulfate
  | ImageCaption = Sodium bisulfate from the store ...lecular formula '''NaHSO₄'''. It is an [[acid salt]], formed by the partial neutralization of [[sulfuric acid]] with an equivalent of sodium, u
  6 KB (684 words) - 13:56, 18 November 2023
• Safe handling and storage of chemicals
  ...ation, transferring, reaction conditions or simply when moving them around the lab, is equally important. *Do not store metals or other reducing chemicals in the same cabinet.
  48 KB (5,818 words) - 20:11, 13 March 2024
• Rador Labs
  *To encourage the practice of amateur chemistry ...orative projects between members of the amateur chemistry community around the world
  5 KB (723 words) - 20:53, 2 December 2018
• Chloroform
  '''Trichloromethane''', or '''chloroform''', is a chemical compound with the formula '''CHCl₃'''. It is one of many examples of a [[haloalkan ...gene formed, which results in the accumulation of [[hydrochloric acid]] in the chloroform. For this reason, chloroform is often washed with [[sodium bicar
  12 KB (1,690 words) - 20:18, 1 March 2021
• Glovebox
  ...d, through which a chemist can manipulate glassware and apparatuses inside the box. <ref>Restoration and demonstration of a Soviet-made plastic glovebox f ...erials can also be added inside the glovebox if there's reasons to suspect the glovebox isn't airtight sealed.
  7 KB (1,101 words) - 22:24, 22 January 2019
• Laboratory
  The most important lab equipment are: ...stly due to ease-of-use, secondly due to the reduced explosion hazard with volatile chemicals.
  7 KB (1,109 words) - 17:13, 10 February 2019
• Ethyl iodide
  ....I.; Gazizov, T.Kh.; Pudovik, A.N.; Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Division of Chemical Science (English Translation); vol. 33; nb. 10; ...lowish color), insoluble in water but miscible with other solvents. It has the chemical formula '''CH₃CH₂I''', sometimes written as
  5 KB (592 words) - 21:30, 25 October 2020
• Lab accident
  ...ts''' can result from a variety of factors, with the human component being the most common. ...agents. Examples: burns (either chemical or hot bodies), thermal runaways, volatile liquid bottle popping, corrosion of metal objects, etc.
  6 KB (992 words) - 20:47, 9 September 2023
• Ethyl formate
  ...d]], with a pleasant fruity smell, reminiscent of rum or raspberry. It has the formula '''HCOOCH₂CH₃''' or '''C₃H_{6</ Ethyl formate is a colorless volatile liquid, with a fruity rum-like odor, poorly soluble in water but miscible w
  5 KB (625 words) - 01:22, 9 August 2020
• Acyl chloride
  ...are organic compounds containing the functional group '''-C(=O)Cl''', with the general formula ''R-COCl'', where R is a side chain. ...n chloride and the carboxylic acid of the respective acyl chloride. Due to the Cl substituent, acyl chlorides do not form hydrogen bonds, which causes the
  3 KB (489 words) - 21:20, 12 February 2024
• Phosphorus trichloride
  '''Phosphorus trichloride''' is a chemical compound with the formula '''PCl₃''', widely used as a precursor for a variety of ...lyzes in moist air and water releasing a mist of hydrogen chloride, giving the compound a strong HCl odor.
  9 KB (1,123 words) - 21:14, 22 October 2022
• Plasticware
  ...y because plastic is lighter than glass and will not shatter if dropped on the floor. ...l attack plastic, though the speed which they do that varies, depending on the type of plastic and thickness.
  7 KB (1,092 words) - 20:41, 2 October 2022
• Metalware
  ...for the average amateur chemist. Obviously you will not need them all, but the most important basic and advanced items are necessary when doing any lab wo Similar to the glass and plastic type, they are used in vacuum filtration. Generally made
  13 KB (2,034 words) - 08:43, 5 May 2019
• Lab tips & tricks
  Any experienced chemist knows plenty of secrets on how to work better, faster or more effective in *Make sure there is a clear way from your bench to the exit, in the event of an accident
  13 KB (2,315 words) - 17:30, 26 September 2022
• Oleum
  ...uric acid (pyrosulfuric acid). Unlike concentrated sulfuric acid, oleum is volatile and cannot be safely handled without serious proper protection. ...}, ''1.0225''SO₃·H₂O or 102.25% sulfuric acid. The conversion between % acid and % oleum is: % acid = 100 + 18/80 × % oleum.<
  5 KB (725 words) - 22:50, 20 January 2020
• Benzyl cyanide
  ...l cyanide''' (abbreviated '''BnCN''') is an organic aromatic compound with the formula '''C₆H₅CH₂CN'''. ...almost impossible to be acquired by the hobby chemist without a permit. In the United States it is classified as a DEA List I chemical.
  4 KB (492 words) - 19:50, 29 July 2021
• Arsenic trichloride
  ...II) chloride''' or '''arsenic trichloride''' is an inorganic compound with the formula '''AsCl₃'''. It is a highly corrosive and poisonous liqu With chloride sources, AsCl₃, forms salts containing the anion [AsCl₄]⁻. Reaction with [[potassium bromide]]
  7 KB (933 words) - 20:35, 25 May 2021
• Resiniferatoxin
  ..., Shun-Ichiro; Kato, Takehiro; Urabe, Daisuke; Inoue, Masayuki; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 139; nb. 45; (2017); p. 16420 - 16429</ref> ...nd in northern Nigeria. It is a potent functional analog of [[capsaicin]], the active ingredient in chili peppers.
  5 KB (536 words) - 20:00, 27 December 2023