Difference between revisions of "Detonation velocity"
(→Table of explosive detonation velocities) |
|||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==General== | ==General== | ||
− | Explosive velocity is increased with smaller particle size (i.e. increased spatial density), increased charge diameter, and increased confinement (i.e. higher pressure). Detonation velocities depend on the explosive material's phase: in gases it ranges from | + | Explosive velocity is increased with smaller particle size (i.e. increased spatial density), increased charge diameter, and increased confinement (i.e. higher pressure). Detonation velocities depend on the explosive material's phase: in gases it ranges from 1,800 m/s to 3,000 m/s, while in solid explosives between 4,000 m/s to 10,300 m/s. |
[[Relative effectiveness factor]] (R.E. factor) is a measurement of an explosive's power. It measures the detonating velocity relative to that of [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]], which has an R.E. factor of 1.00. | [[Relative effectiveness factor]] (R.E. factor) is a measurement of an explosive's power. It measures the detonating velocity relative to that of [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]], which has an R.E. factor of 1.00. | ||
Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 73% [[RDX]] + 23% [[Aluminium|Al]] + 4% wax | | style="text-align:center;"| 73% [[RDX]] + 23% [[Aluminium|Al]] + 4% wax | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic | + | | style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic/Inorganic |
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic | | style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,180 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,300 | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,300 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 0.83 | | style="text-align:center;"| 0.83 | ||
Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,630 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,630 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,700 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,550 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,550 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,570 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 1.10 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1.10 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| ANFO | | style="text-align:center;"| ANFO | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 94% [[Ammonium nitrate|AN]] + 6% fuel oil | | style="text-align:center;"| 94% [[Ammonium nitrate|AN]] + 6% fuel oil | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| Inorganic | + | | style="text-align:center;"| Inorganic/Aliphatic |
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,300 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,300 | ||
Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| ANNM | | style="text-align:center;"| ANNM | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 60% [[Ammonium nitrate|AN]] + 40% [[nitromethane]] | | style="text-align:center;"| 60% [[Ammonium nitrate|AN]] + 40% [[nitromethane]] | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| Inorganic | + | | style="text-align:center;"| Inorganic/Aliphatic |
| style="text-align:center;"| Liquid | | style="text-align:center;"| Liquid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Liquid | | style="text-align:center;"| Liquid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,360 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,360 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,900 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 175: | Line 175: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| Black powder | + | | style="text-align:center;"| [[Black powder]] |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 75% [[Potassium nitrate|KNO<sub>3</sub>]] + 15% [[charcoal]] + 10% [[sulfur|S]] | | style="text-align:center;"| 75% [[Potassium nitrate|KNO<sub>3</sub>]] + 15% [[charcoal]] + 10% [[sulfur|S]] | ||
Line 397: | Line 397: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Gas | | style="text-align:center;"| Gas | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 2,820 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 451: | Line 451: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,800 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,800 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 5,000-7,000 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 459: | Line 459: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic | | style="text-align:center;"| Aliphatic | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,950 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 9,150 | | style="text-align:center;"| 9,150 | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
Line 505: | Line 505: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,654 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,654 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 6,900 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 1.00 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1.00 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 514: | Line 514: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| Solid | | style="text-align:center;"| Solid | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,690 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1,690 | ||
− | | style="text-align:center;"| | + | | style="text-align:center;"| 4,700 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | | style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 20:19, 26 January 2020
This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
|
Detonation velocity, also known as velocity of detonation (VoD) or explosive velocity, is the velocity at which the shock wave front travels through a detonated explosive.
Contents
General
Explosive velocity is increased with smaller particle size (i.e. increased spatial density), increased charge diameter, and increased confinement (i.e. higher pressure). Detonation velocities depend on the explosive material's phase: in gases it ranges from 1,800 m/s to 3,000 m/s, while in solid explosives between 4,000 m/s to 10,300 m/s.
Relative effectiveness factor (R.E. factor) is a measurement of an explosive's power. It measures the detonating velocity relative to that of TNT, which has an R.E. factor of 1.00.
Explosive velocities are always faster than the local speed of sound in the material.[1][2]
Table of explosive detonation velocities
Explosive material | Abbreviation | Formula/Composition | Classification | Phase | Density (kg/m3) |
Detonation velocity (m/s) |
R.E. factor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene | DADNE/FOX-7 | C2H4N4O4 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,760 | 8,335 | 1.60 |
1,3,5-Triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene | TNTAZB/TATNB | C6N12O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,710 | 7,300 | |
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene | TNB | C6H3N3O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,600 | 7,450 | |
4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan | DDF | C4N8O8 | Aromatic | Solid | 2,020 | 10,000 | 1.95 |
A-IX-2 | 73% RDX + 23% Al + 4% wax | Aliphatic/Inorganic | Solid | 1.54 | |||
Acetone peroxide | TATP/TCAP | (C2H6O2)n | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,180 | 5,300 | 0.83 |
Amatex | 51% AN + 40% TNT + 9% RDX | Inorganic/Aromatic | Solid | 6,830[3] | |||
Amatex/20K | 31% AN + 40% TNT + 20% Potassium nitrate + 9% RDX | Inorganic/Aromatic | Solid | 1,630 | 6,700 | ||
Amatol | 50% AN + 50% TNT | Inorganic/Aromatic | Solid | 1,500 | 6,290 | 0.91 | |
Ammonite | 80% TNT + 20% AN | Aromatic/Inorganic | Solid | 1,550 | 6,570 | 1.10 | |
Ammonium nitrate | AN | NH4NO3 | Inorganic | Solid | 1,730 | 2,700 | 0.42 |
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil | ANFO | 94% AN + 6% fuel oil | Inorganic/Aliphatic | Solid | 1,300 | 5,270 | 0.74 |
Ammonium nitrate nitromethane | ANNM | 60% AN + 40% nitromethane | Inorganic/Aliphatic | Liquid | 6,125 | ||
Ammonium nitrate nitromethane aluminium | ANNMAL | 66% AN + 25% nitromethane + 5% Al + 3% C + 1% TETA | Inorganic | Solid | 1,160 | 5,360 | 0.87 |
Ammonium picrate | C6H6N4O7 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,600 | 7,150 | ||
Ammotropin | 91% AN + 9% hexamine | Inorganic | Solid | 1,250 | 5,000 | ||
Astrolite A | 50% AN + 30% hydrazine + 20% Al | Inorganic | Liquid | 1,360 | 6,900 | ||
Astrolite G | 2:1 AN : hydrazine | Inorganic | Solid | 1,410[4] | 8,200 | ||
Black powder | 75% KNO3 + 15% charcoal + 10% S | Inorganic | Solid | 1,700 | 600-1,100 | 0.55 | |
Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine | HMX | C4H8N8O8 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,910 | 9,400 | 1.70 |
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine | RDX | C3H6N6O6 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,760 | 8,750 | 1.60 |
Detagel[5] | Hexamine nitrate + water | Aliphatic | Liquid | 1,200 | 4,938 | ||
Diazodinitrophenol | DDNP | C6H2N4O5 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,630 | 7,100 | |
Ednatol | 58% EDNA + 42% TNT | Aliphatic/Aromatic | Solid | 1,620 | 7,400 | ||
Erythritol tetranitrate | ETN | C4H6N4O12 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,600 | 8,100 | 1.60 |
Ethyl picrate | C8H7N3O7 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,550 | 6,500 | ||
Ethylene glycol dinitrate | EGDN | C2H4N2O6 | Aliphatic | Liquid | 1,491.8 | 8,300 | 1.66 |
Ethylenedinitramine | EDNA | C2H6N4O4 | Aliphatic | 1,650 | 7,570 | ||
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine | HMTD | C6H12N2O6 | Aliphatic | Solid | 880 | 4,520 | 0.74 |
Hexanitrodiphenylamine | HND | C12H5N7O12 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,640 | 7,100 | |
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane | CL-20/HNIW | C6H6N12O12 | Aliphatic | Solid | 2,040 | 9,500 | 1.80 |
Lead(II) azide | Pb(N3)2 | Inorganic | Solid | 3,000 | 5,180 | ||
Mannitol hexanitrate | MHN | C6H8N6O18 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,730 | 8,260 | 1.70 |
Mercury(II) fulminate | HgC2N2O2 | Inorganic | Solid | 4,420 | 4,250 | 0.74 | |
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide | MEKP | C8H18O6 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,170 | 5,200 | |
Methyl nitrate | CH3NO3 | Aliphatic | Liquid | 1,203 | 6,300 | ||
Methyl picrate | C7H5N3O7 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,570 | 6,800 | ||
Nickel hydrazine nitrate | NHN | NH12N8O6 | Inorganic | Solid | 1,700 | 7,000 | |
Nitrocellulose | NC | (C6H9-x(NO2)xO7)n | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,200 | 7,300 | 1.10 |
Nitroglycerin | NG | C3H5N3O6 | Aliphatic | Liquid | 1,540 | 8,100 | 1.54 |
Nitroguanidine | NGdn/NQ | CH4N4O2 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,700 | 8,200 | 1.00 |
Octanitrocubane | ONC | C8N8O16 | Aliphatic | Solid | 2,000 | 10,100 | 2.38 |
Oxyhydrogen | 1:2 O2 + H2 | Inorganic | Gas | 2,820 | |||
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate | PETN | C5H8N4O12 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,770 | 8,400 | 1.66 |
Picatinny Liquid Explosive | PLX | 95% nitromethane + 5% ethylenediamine | Aliphatic | Liquid | 6,000 | ||
Picric acid | TNP | C6H3N3O7 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,700 | 7,350 | 1.20 |
Picryl chloride | TNCB | C6H2ClN3O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,740 | 7,200 | |
Silver azide | AgN3 | Inorganic | Solid | 4,420 | 4,000 | ||
Tannerite | 95% AN + 5% Al | Inorganic | Solid | 1,800 | 5,000-7,000 | ||
Tetranitroglycoluril | TNGU | C4H10N8O10 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,950 | 9,150 | |
Tetryl | C7H5N5O8 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,710 | 7,570 | 1.25 | |
Triaminotrinitrobenzene | TATB | C6H6N6O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,800 | 7,350 | 1.17 |
Trinitroaniline | TNA | C6H4N4O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,720 | 7,300 | |
Trinitrocresol | TNC | C7H5N3O7 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,620 | 6,850 | |
Trinitrotoluene | TNT | C7H5N3O6 | Aromatic | Solid | 1,654 | 6,900 | 1.00 |
Urea nitrate | UN | CH5N3O4 | Aliphatic | Solid | 1,690 | 4,700 | |
See also
References
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detonation_velocity
- ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/explosives.htm
- ↑ Resi Gerritsen,Ruud Haak, K9 Explosive and Mine Detection: A Manual for Training and Operations
- ↑ Jiping Liu, Liquid Explosives
- ↑ http://www.oricaminingservices.com/us/en/product/products_and_services/packaged_explosives/page_packaged_explosives/detagel/377?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1