Difference between revisions of "Heptane"
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Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and [[diethyl ether]]. Due to the large difference between their boiling points, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane. However, some formulas may also contain other isomers of heptane, making the extraction of the pure n-heptane complicated. | Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and [[diethyl ether]]. Due to the large difference between their boiling points, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane. However, some formulas may also contain other isomers of heptane, making the extraction of the pure n-heptane complicated. | ||
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| + | Some barbecue lighter fluids tend to have a mixture of heptane and hexane, with a small addition of naphta, while others can have relative pure heptane. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
Revision as of 17:18, 19 April 2016
 n-Heptane bottle and sample from it
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Heptane
| |
| Other names
n-Heptane
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| C7H16 | |
| Molar mass | 100.21 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like |
| Density | 0.6795 g/ml |
| Melting point | −91.0 to −90.1 °C (−131.8 to −130.2 °F; 182.2 to 183.1 K) |
| Boiling point | 98.1 to 98.7 °C (208.6 to 209.7 °F; 371.2 to 371.8 K) |
| 0.0003% (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | Miscible with ethanol |
| Vapor pressure | 5.33 kPa (at 20.0 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
328.57 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−225.2–−223.6 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
| Flash point | −4.0 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
17,986 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Hexane Octane |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula C7H16.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Heptane will burn when ignited in air.
Physical
Heptane is a colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
Availability
Certain types of lighter fluids contain heptane.
Car starting fluids contain a mixture of heptane and diethyl ether. Due to the large difference between their boiling points, the mixture can be separated by first distilling the ether, and then the heptane. However, some formulas may also contain other isomers of heptane, making the extraction of the pure n-heptane complicated.
Some barbecue lighter fluids tend to have a mixture of heptane and hexane, with a small addition of naphta, while others can have relative pure heptane.
Preparation
Heptane can be prepared by reducing heptane derivates. However it is generally much cheaper to simply buy the compound.
Projects
- Identify aqueous bromine from iodine
- Organic extractions
Handling
Safety
Heptane is flammable and it's vapors may be irritant if inhaled.
Storage
Heptane is best stored in closed bottles, kept in cold, dark and well ventilated places.
Disposal
Heptane can be safely burned in open air or in an incinerator.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chemical compounds
- Organic compounds
- Alkanes
- Solvents
- Nonpolar solvents
- Liquids
