Iodoform

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Iodoform
Names
IUPAC name
Triiodomethane
Preferred IUPAC name
Triiodomethane
Other names
Carbon triiodide
Properties
CHI3
Molar mass 393.73 g/mol
Appearance Yellowish powder
Odor Saffron-like
"Hospital"-like
Density 4.008 g/cm3
Melting point 119 °C (246 °F; 392 K)
Boiling point 218 °C (424 °F; 491 K)
0.1 g/L
Solubility Soluble in glacial acetic acid, benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform
Slightly soluble in glycerol, olive oil, petroleum ether
Solubility in diethyl ether 136 g/L
Solubility in acetone 120 g/L
Solubility in ethanol 78 g/L
Thermochemistry
180.1–182.1 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet AcrosOrganics
Flash point 204 °C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
355 mg/kg (oral, rat)
1180 mg/kg (dermal, rat)
1.6 mmol/kg (s.c., mouse)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Chloroform
Bromoform
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Iodoform is a yellowish organoiodine compound with the formula CHI3.

Properties

Chemical

Iodoform reacts with silver nitrate to yield carbon monoxide.

AgNO3 + CHI3 → AgI + CO + I2 + ½ N2 + ½ O2 + ½ H2

Iodoform can be reduced with hydrogen iodide to diiodomethane:

CHI3 + HI → CH2I2 + I2

Physical

Triiodomethane is a pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, with a penetrating and distinctive odor, reminiscent of hospitals, due to its use as a desinfectant. It is practically insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, diethyl ether.

Availability

Iodoform is sold in pharmacies, either as a powder or as ether solution.

Angel's bonnets naturally produce a small amount of iodoform, which gives their characteristic smell, but extracting it may not be practical.

Preparation

Iodoform can be prepared very easy via the haloform reaction, by reacting iodine, sodium hydroxide with a ketone, such as acetone. As iodoform is practically insoluble in water, the suspension is filtered and then air dried.

A less known route involves passing iodine vapors with steam over red hot coals. The resulting product is purified.[1]

Reacting chloroform with calcium iodide at 100 °C yields iodoform.[2]

Projects

  • Antiseptic
  • Make diiodomethane

Handling

Safety

Iodoform is irritant and should be handled with care. Some people find its strong odor obnoxious, so work should be done in well ventilated areas.

It's used as an antiseptic in medicine, so protection should be worn when handling the compound.

Storage

In glass bottles, away from light and if possible, air.

Disposal

Can be neutralized with a strong base.

References

  1. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6137757n/f2.image
  2. Spindler; Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie; vol. 231; (1885); p. 272

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